可信任导向下人工智能立法的目的重构与规范展开
作者简介:王怡,中国社会科学院法学研究所副编审、中国社会科学院大学法学院副教授(北京 100720)。
摘要: 人工智能立法长期深陷效率、安全与创新的三元平衡悖论,现有规制方案因局限于价值取舍的线性逻辑而难以突破困境。法律的本质是社会信任的建构机制,其通过明确权利义务、划定行为边界、保障权利救济提供稳定预期,这与人工智能时代的治理需求天然契合。可信任并非独立于三元价值的第四维度,而是统摄三者实现动态协同的逻辑枢纽,将其确立为人工智能立法的核心目的,既能消解传统平衡模式的内在矛盾,又能回应算法黑箱、数据滥用等信任危机。基于这一核心命题,未来应制定一部专门的人工智能法,以信任建构为立法目的,确立信任建构、分级分类、场景适配、多元协同的原则群,通过算法可信、数据可信、主体可信、治理可信的精细化制度设计,为人工智能法治提供稳定价值指引,实现技术应用与社会信任的良性互动。
Reconstructing Legislative Purposes and Normative Evolution of Artificial Intelligence Legislation from a Trust Worthiness Perspective
Abstract: Artificial intelligence legislation has long been trapped in the tripartite balance paradox of efficiency,security and innovation.Confined to the linear logic of value trade-offs,the existing regulatory approaches struggle to break through this dilemma.The essence of law lies in a construction mechanism of social trust.By clarifying rights and obligations,defining boundaries of conduct,and guaranteeing remedy for rights,law delivers stable expectations,which inherently aligns with the governance demands of the artificial intelligence era.Trustworthiness is not a fourth dimension independent of the three core values;instead,it serves as the logical hub that integrates the three to achieve dynamic coordination.Establishing trustworthiness as the core objective of artificial intelligence legislation can not only resolve the inherent contradictions of the traditional balance model,but also address trust crises such as algorithmic black boxes and data abuse.Based on this core proposition,a dedicated artificial intelligence law should be formulated in the future.With trust building as its legislative purpose,it shall establish a set of principles including trust construction,hierarchical and classified regulation,scenario adaptation and multi-party collaboration.Through refined institutional design covering trustworthy algorithms,credible data,accountable entities and sound governance,it will provide steady value guidance for the rule of law in artificial intelligence and foster positive interaction between technological application and social trust.