AI Reshaping the National Innovation System: Typical Facts and Their Economic Logic

Since the First Industrial Revolution,breakthroughs in general-purpose technologies have always been the core driving force behind the evolution of national innovation systems.Currently,artificial intelligence(AI),with its unique technological characteristics,is breaking the linear constraints of traditional technology discovery,reshaping the rules of innovation resource allocation,and has become a key force promoting the transformation of national innovation systems.Starting from the typical facts of AI reshaping the technology discovery paradigm,this study deeply analyzes the economic logic of AI leading the new path of innovation development,and proposes the reshaping direction and adjustment path of the national innovation system driven by AI.The research finds that AI has reshaped the technology discovery paradigm by accelerating knowledge integration,promoting an efficiency revolution in the entire innovation chain,reducing the cost of ideas,spawning demand-driven reverse discovery,and facilitating organizational changes in the innovation system.At the level of economic logic,AI has realized the reconstruction of innovation factor allocation,organizational form,market structure,value boundary,policy intervention mechanism,and comparative advantage.The national innovation system needs to make adjustments in three aspects-subject synergy,institutional design,and policy tools—to adapt to the innovation needs of the AI era.