物理主义泛心论:组合问题及现象绑合策略
Physicalist Panpsychism: The Combination Problem and Phenomenal Bonding Solution
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摘要: 当代泛心论是一种与物理主义相容的理论主张,它把意识看成是宇宙的一种基础性的、遍在的性质,认为更基础更简单的低阶意识通过某种方式构成复杂的人类意识,泛心论也因此面临组合问题。高夫进一步提出主体加合问题,认为经验主体不可能加合产生更高阶的经验主体。一种很有前景的解决方案是现象绑合策略,但高夫质疑我们是否能够形成一种恰当的现象关系概念,而米勒则试图为现象关系概念给出更清晰的刻画。然而,现象绑合策略所要求的现象关系概念本身可能是不融贯的,它无法发挥我们所期望的“绑合”作用,无法充分解释宏观经验的产生。Abstract: As a view compatible with physicalism, contemporary panpsychism takes consciousness or mentality as a fundamental and ubiquitous property in the universe. Panpsychism faces a notorious “combination problem” when it holds that human consciousness can be somehow constituted by more fundamental consciousness. Philip Goff raises a so-called “subject-summing problem”: how do subjects and their experiences add up so as to constitute further subjects and their experiences? Goff suggests a possible solution by “phenomenal bonding relation”, but he doubts whether we can form a positive concept of this phenomenal relation, while George Miller gives a positive phenomenal bonding relation by co-consciousness. I will argue that the concept of phenomenal relation may be incoherent, it cannot function to bond as it was supposed to, and the macro-consciousness can hardly be explained by phenomenal bonding.
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Key words:
- panpsychism /
- physicalism /
- consciousness /
- the combination problem /
- the phenomenal relation
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