Citation:
Qing TAO and Xiao’an LIANG. Marxist Anthropological Research in the Perspective of Political Science[J]. Academic Monthly, 2022, 54(8): 67-79.
Marxist Anthropological Research in the Perspective of Political Science
Since the 1970s, extensive and in-depth researches on Marxist anthropology have been made on the basis of Marx’s Anthropological Notes in his later years. However, it still presents in an academically chaotic way. Based on the comprehensive review of important research works from home and abroad, this paper summarizes and analyzes the different types of anthropology, e.g. philosophical anthropology (anthropological philosophy), historical anthropology (historical materialism) and empirical anthropology (social anthropology), and finds that Marxist anthropology is a grand proposition spanning many disciplines, which was originated from western learning itself. However, the field of Marxist anthropology is still in a complicated state full of unpredictability and confusion, due to the continuous widening of interdisciplinary boundaries, which was mostly resulted from the overlapping barriers between various disciplines and the rapid development along their own inertia force. Therefore, only by combing the above traditional research methods of Marxist anthropology can we truly and effectively introduce it into the cross and compound academic realm of scientification of political science, and develop a new Marxist Anthropology with Chinese discourse and characteristics under the paradigm of neo-political anthropology.
三是马克思主义人类学与社会现实政治的最新发展变化相结合。马克思主义人类学在理解和阐明世界工人运动的变化和社会主义未来的斗争中,运用传统经典人类学方式,质疑日常常识,就世界工人阶级的存在、力量和意识等课题提出了具有挑战性的解决方案。非常有趣的是,这两位学者排序对调在这份同年同名刊物,再次合作发表了Towards a Class-Struggle Anthropology这样具有强烈马克思主义人类学观念的学术论文,并开篇为“阶级斗争人类学”奠定了基础;他们分析了不同类型的马克思主义人类学家在不同时代的不同经验中,所形成的知识连续性与相互挑战性之间的逻辑关联性。与此同时,英国学者凯瑟琳·韦尔森也加入这个论题的讨论,他指出:在法国—苏格兰启蒙运动的语境中理解马克思恩格斯文本中的“人类学形象”,旨在探究人对其他动物的驯化以及人对人的剥削之间的关系,为分析资本主义剥削提供了一种人类学视角,并由此揭示出马克思主义人类学与18世纪启蒙理论的逻辑关联。更有学者著文讨论《寻乌调查》的社会人类学意义,指出马克思主义人类学在指导或运用在社会革命当中的研究尚处于“空白”的不利状态,因此迫切需要结合中国的革命、建设与改革实践,来发掘马克思主义人类学的科学性、理论性、革命性和服务性;并特别强调毛泽东无愧于一位社会人类学学者型的革命家−因为《寻乌调查》作为他的一部成熟作品已经具有典型的社会人类学民族志特征。特别是近年来,有文献分析了文化人类学内核“民族志”范畴下的马克思主义人类学发展。如,马克思主义人类学的核心实践观理念与新政治人类学对传统政治人类学在时空观上的突破和对传统的研究方法手段进行创新的研究探索有着极大的内在相通性,通过对马克思主义人类学的发展历程和理念精髓进行再一次的梳理和思考,对于我们运用马克思主义人类学这一概念工具来进一步理解传统政治人类学与新政治人类学的区别,并在传统政治人类学的基础上促进新政治人类学的发展和壮大,具有相当可观的实际意义和启示作用。总之,马克思主义人类学是马克思主义理论体系中不可或缺的重要组成部分;在马克思主义理论体系下,除了哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义等主题之外,其人类学思想是一个不可回避的学术话题;重新认识与考量马克思主义人类学,对于从学术上整体把握马克思主义思想具有深远的划时代意义。
Abstract: Since the 1970s, extensive and in-depth researches on Marxist anthropology have been made on the basis of Marx’s Anthropological Notes in his later years. However, it still presents in an academically chaotic way. Based on the comprehensive review of important research works from home and abroad, this paper summarizes and analyzes the different types of anthropology, e.g. philosophical anthropology (anthropological philosophy), historical anthropology (historical materialism) and empirical anthropology (social anthropology), and finds that Marxist anthropology is a grand proposition spanning many disciplines, which was originated from western learning itself. However, the field of Marxist anthropology is still in a complicated state full of unpredictability and confusion, due to the continuous widening of interdisciplinary boundaries, which was mostly resulted from the overlapping barriers between various disciplines and the rapid development along their own inertia force. Therefore, only by combing the above traditional research methods of Marxist anthropology can we truly and effectively introduce it into the cross and compound academic realm of scientification of political science, and develop a new Marxist Anthropology with Chinese discourse and characteristics under the paradigm of neo-political anthropology.
HTML
目录
Export File
Citation
Qing TAO and Xiao’an LIANG. Marxist Anthropological Research in the Perspective of Political Science[J]. Academic Monthly, 2022, 54(8): 67-79.