实用主义社会学何以可能——从涂尔干和米德出发
How Pragmatist Sociology is Possible——Mead in Conversation with Durkheim
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摘要: 实用主义社会学正在经历复兴，但要真正走出边缘地位，它首先需要回应古典社会理论对其提出的根本性质疑。涂尔干曾认为实用主义是功利主义的一种形式，难以解释普遍性和客观性，因此其内在属性与社会学互斥。米德的主张能够回应涂尔干的批评，为实用主义社会学理论提供洞见。其理论强调人类解决问题的集体实践以及相应发展出来的语言的作用。语言与自我的发展有关，人类通过自我产生了组织不同视角的能力。视角的组织协调了个人和社会的关系，带来了社会中的普遍性与客观性。米德的理论将自然与心智、个人与社会置于统一的经验过程中，体现出鲜明的过程性，其实用主义内涵值得当代学者进一步思考。Abstract: Pragmatist sociology is undergoing a revival,but to truly emerge from its marginal position,it first needs to respond to the fundamental questioning that has been subjected by classical social theory.Durkheim argues that pragmatism,as a form of utilitarianism,fails to account for universality and objectivity,and is therefore inherently incompatible with sociology.Mead offers a compelling response to Durkheim's criticisms and provides critical insights for pragmatist sociological theories.His theory emphasizes the collective praxis and the constitutive role of language developed within these processes.Language,intertwined with the emergence of the self,enables individuals to organize diverse perspectives.This coordination of perspectives reconciles the relationship between the individual and society,generating universality and objectivity within social life.By grounding nature and mind as well as individual and society within a unified experiential process,Mead's framework is distinctly processual,and its pragmatist implications merit deeper engagement by contemporary scholars.
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Key words:
- pragmatism /
- pragmatist sociology /
- Durkheim /
- Mead /
- sociological theory
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