三论中西哲学之根本差别
作者简介:吴晓明,复旦大学当代国外马克思主义研究中心研究员、哲学学院教授(上海200433)。
基金项目:
本文系复旦大学学术精品项目“论中西哲学之根本差别”的阶段性成果
摘要: 在中西哲学之“根本差别”的问题背景中,对照形而上学的基本建制,整个中国哲学具有运行其上的基本建制以及其在这一建制之中的独特展开方式。形而上学的基本建制立足于超感性世界和感性世界的分割与对立,立足于此种分割—对立中“真”与“不真”的分别归属;而中国哲学则截然不同,它全体植根于道器不割、体用不二的独特建制——非形而上学的建制——之中。“政治—哲学”和“历史—哲学”,作为中国哲学的本质特征与西方哲学形成决定性的对照:它们不是作为政治形而上学(政治哲学)或历史形而上学(历史哲学)出现的,而是意味着哲学与政治、与历史的直接贯通和相互归属,而这种直接贯通和相互归属的本质又深深地植根于中国哲学的独特建制之中。可用“大道不离人伦日用”概括中国哲学立足其上的基本建制——道器不割、体用不二,以表明这一哲学在根本上处身于形而上学之外,并且依其本质一向就积极地生存于形而上学之外。
Fundamental Difference between Chinese Philosophy and Western Philosophy: A Third Thesis
Abstract: In this thesis the author tries to investigate the basic institution on which the whole Chinese philosophy operates,as well as its unique way of carrying out in this institution.As a continuation of the previous thesis,this one still takes as its central issue to look into and to contrast with the metaphysically basic institution.Such an institution is based on the division and opposition between super-perceptual and perceptual worlds,and on “truth” or “untruth” which belong respectively to division or opposition.But Chinese philosophy is quite different.It is wholly based on a unique institution of unity of dao-implement and of substance-application,i.e.,an non-metaphysical institution.The author goes further to expound politics-philosophy and history-philosophy as the essential feature,which forms a determining contrast,i.e.,they are not appear as political metaphysics (political philosophy) or historical metaphysics (historical philosophy),but means a direct joining and mutual belonging of philosophy with politics and with history,of which the essence is deep-rooted in the unique institution of Chinese philosophy.The said basic institution is summarized as “the greatest dao is not deviated from human relations and daily life”,which shows that such philosophy is,and by its nature exists,essentially being out of metaphysics.