超越“东西”之分:中国司法需求的空间演变与类型化
作者简介:石磊,同济大学法学院助理教授(上海 200092);程金华,上海交通大学凯原法学院特聘教授、中国法与社会研究院研究员(上海 200030)。
基金项目:
本文系国家社会科学基金重点项目“法治建设视野下的中央和地方关系实证研究”(23AFX002)的阶段性成果
摘要: 在追求空间正义的过程中,传统上简单笼统的“东西”之分无法充分反映司法需求区域差异,不利于司法资源合理配置。对此,司法需求的空间类型化有必要从描述图景深入到解释成因的层次。地理空间视角下的实证研究表明,中国司法需求的“东西分异”格局在空间演变上呈潜在弱化趋势。司法需求不仅具有空间依赖性,而且在成因方面还存在空间异质性。司法需求受人口密度、城市化进程、经济发展、教育水平、政府治理、法律服务可得性等多重因素的共同影响,但它们的影响作用在地区维度上并非一致。据此,通过客观分类和组内外比较的方式,识别主导因素,从而将中国司法需求划分为社会—经济—教育主导、法律—社会主导、政府—教育主导、多元弱主导等4种全新空间类型。这种类型化尝试可为精准动态地改善地区司法供需平衡提供政策参考。
Transcend East-West Dichotomy: Spatial Evolution and Typology of Judicial Demand in China
Abstract: In the pursuit of spatial justice, the traditional, overly simplistic East-West dichotomy fails to adequately reflect the regional variations in judicial demand, hindering the rational allocation of judicial resources. Against this backdrop, it is necessary for the spatial classification of judicial demand to progress from merely describing scenarios to explaining causes. Empirical research from a geographical spatial perspective indicates that the East-West dichotomy of China's judicial demand is showing a potential trend towards weakening in its spatial evolution. Judicial demand is not only spatially dependent but also exhibits spatial heterogeneity in its causes. It is influenced by multiple factors including population density, urbanization, economic development, education levels, government capability, and legal accessibility, yet their impact is not consistent across different regional dimensions. Based on this, by employing objective classification and intra- and inter-group comparisons to identify dominant factors, this approach categorizes China's judicial demand into four novel spatial types:society-economy-education dominated, law-society dominated, government-education dominated, and a diversified weak dominated. This typological effort can provide policy references for precisely and dynamically improving the balance of judicial supply and demand at the regional level.