Abstract: Over 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, especially since the reform and opening up, the connotation and composition of the Chinese working class have experienced huge and profound change. The working class has grown rapidly, and numerous migrant workers have become an important new force. Workers in the service industry will exceed the sum of industrial workers and peasants. New occupational groups will emerge continuously, and the cultural quality and education level will be greatly improved. Under the new historical conditions, development of the working class faces a series of new situations, new problems and new trends. We must deeply understand these developments and changes, accurately grasp the development trend and track of the working class, correctly respond to the development of the times, and give full play to the major role of the working class in the modernization of socialism with Chinese characteristics.