Abstract: This thesis aims at theoretically reflecting the premise of “philosophical comparison”, especially the comparison between Chinese and western philosophies. A premise which has not been examined would only be open to arbitrariness (i,e., “a forced analogy”), resulting in the impossibility of the wholesomeness and its root for the given national spirit. Therefore, the reflection here means to inquire that to realize the true effect, where should be the starting point of philosophical comparison, what theoretical field will be entered, and what way of basic understanding will be adopted. The so-called “true effect” refers to effectively keep all aspects of philosophical comparison in an organic relation with the whole and its root by according to the necessary principles and scale, as well as in the way of continuously increases its certainty. The author’s basic arguments are as follows: (1) “The nature for beginning” is extremely important to the tradition of comparing different philosophical ideas. If a given philosophical beginning means the order and direction of a given genre of mind, then such a fatal beginning would lead and scale the whole historical progress of a given philosophy. (2) In the context of modern world, the really occurred philosophical comparison could not but generally operates in the coordinates of western philosophy, and has to adopt the form of modern discourse. Therefore, unless the “self-criticism” of western philosophy can be explicitly sensed and decisively enters into the comparative field, it is impossible to provide the true foundation for objectively understanding ancient philosophy and eastern philosophy. (3) Just like the position upon which the philosophical comparison operates would be acquired critically, the “hermeneutics” which makes comparison developing and progressing must also get rid of its naive situation. The fundamental object of the current hermeneutics is required to hold “the reality transcending all subjective meaning”; the purport and ideological task of hermeneutics must be clarified according to this keynote to define its basic meaning to philosophical comparison. In a word, only by such premises be closely held in critical reflection, can Chinese-western philosophical comparison get rid of its long-time of simple way and naivety, thus be actively developed and effectively promoted.