Abstract: Although literary anthologies are rough and clumsy, and their status is lower than that of ancient times, their functions should not be ignored in the development and evolution of contemporary Chinese literature. To some extent, the history of compilation practice of anthologies is also the history of the development and evolution of contemporary Chinese literature. It not only has the function of keeping records of documents and forming literary classics, but also takes an active part in the literary innovation and the construction of literary scene. The compilation of anthologies plays an increasingly important role in the inheritance and reconstruction of classics, the shaping of cultural identity and the construction of social consensus. It is helpful to deepen the thinking and understanding of Chinese contemporary literature by investigating the contemporary evolution of the compilation of anthologies, of which is a part of literature publishing system and has not been paid enough attention to for a long time.