Abstract: In fact, the elucidation of the relationship between power and discourse by contemporary Chinese critics has completed the transformation from micro to macro. It is an important topic to discuss the influence of political power and language in the development of modern Chinese literature. Political power results in the violence of literary discourse and some plausible discourse logic. Of course, rebellious discourse also exists all the time, and constitutes a special rhetoric of modern Chinese literature. The implementation of the May 4th vernacular is the most prominent achievement of modern intellectuals’ resistance to the discourse of political power. The criticism of this historical movement titled “cultural hegemony” is not only seriously divorced from the facts, but also the biggest misunderstanding of the concept of discourse / power itself.