中国“文意论”之多维观照与系统构建
Multidimensional Perspective and Systematic Construction of Chinese “Theory of Literary Significance”
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摘要: 作为中国文论的一大传统，文意论生发于“言不尽意”“辞不达意”“文不逮意”之困，生成于为破解这种困惑而展开的种种探讨和论说。主要包括，面向作者意匠经营层面的“明象尽意”，以及文意传达方面的“曲尽其意”“三致其意” “意随笔生”说；面对读者审美接受层面的“观象得意”，以及文意接受方面的“意味深长”“意在言外”“只可意会难以言传”说。另外，传统文意论还常从认知角度把文意的存在形态一分为三，即文前志、文中意、文后感；又试图通过建立三种文意的内外贯通，达成以“感”为核心的前后呼应。经过不断累积与沉淀，中国文意论已形成历史悠久的传统和深厚的蕴涵。与重符号、重形式的西方意义论相比，中国文意论有重意象、重文性等特点。我们可不断地基于“知人论世”“以意逆志”以及“言象意”等文论观念展开多维观照和系统构建。Abstract: In the era of globalization of literary theory construction,we should continue to contribute to the “Chinese experience” through the continuous discovery and new construction of China's indigenous literary theory tradition.As a major tradition in Chinese literary theory,the theory of literary significance originated from the predicament of “words cannot fully express literary significance” “words fail to convey significance” and “literature cannot fully convey significance”,and emerged through various discussions and arguments aimed at resolving this confusion.It mainly includes the theory of “clarifying images to fully convey significance” at the level of author's artistic conception,as well as the theories of “fully conveying significance through various means”“conveying significance through three ways” and “meaning emerges naturally with the pen” in terms of conveying significance;the theory of “observing images to comprehend significance” at the level of readers'aesthetic reception,as well as the theories of “having profound significance”,“significance beyond words”,and “only comprehensible through intuition,not words” in terms of accepting literary significance.In addition,traditional literary significance theory often divides the existence form of literary significance into three parts from a cognitive perspective,namely,pre-literary intention,literary significance,and post-literary sentiment;and attempts to achieve a coherent connection between the three through establishing internal and external coherence of the three literary significance,with “sentiment” as the core.Through continuous accumulation and precipitation,Chinese literary significance theory has formed a long-standing tradition and profound implications.Compared with Western significance theory,which emphasizes symbols and forms,Chinese literary significance theory features a focus on imagery and literary nature.We can continuously conduct multidimensional observation and systematic construction based on literary theory concepts such as “ understanding people and commenting on the world ” “interpreting the author's intention through one's own ” and “language,image and significance”.
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