由六艺之删订论中国哲学的决定性开端
作者简介:吴晓明,复旦大学哲学学院教授 (上海 200433)。
摘要: 对于轴心期诸民族的精神突破来说,具有决定性意义的关键不仅在于“开端性哲学”,而且在于“根源性经书”。虽说不同民族的开端性哲学与经书的关联大相径庭,但唯当开端性哲学家的工作能够深入于经书或成就为经书,才谈得上哲学的决定性开端。如果说,老子和孔子共同为中国的开端性哲学奠定了基础,那么,尤为重要的是,孔子携此开端性哲学的创制而入于根源性经书的领域,从而完成了此一领域的“哲学化”——这就是所谓“删订六艺”。由于中国的开端性哲学立足于“道—德”的根据之上(以道—德为天地万物的最高原理),并以此为基准决定性地迁移了鬼神,所以,六艺之删订所开展出来的“哲学化”也就是“道—德化”。六艺删订的真正意义在于:使六艺旧籍依开端性哲学的定向得以重建,使之成为整个中华文化传统的根源性经书。
On the Decisive Beginning of Chinese Philosophy Starting from Deletion and Correction of Six Classics
Abstract: As for the spiritual breakthrough of the nations in the axis time, the key of a decisive significance lies not only on "philosophy at beginning", but also on "classics as source". Although the philosophy at beginning of various nations is quite different as their relations with their classics, only when the work of the philosophers as the beginners could penetrate into the classics or, rather, could become the classics, can it be a decisive beginning of philosophy. If we say that Laozi and Confucius together laid the foundation of philosophy at beginning for China, then, the more important is that Confucius entered the realm of the classics as the source by taking his creation of philosophy at beginning, resulting in fulfilling the "philosophy as it is", i. e., the so-called "deletion and correction of the Six Classics", Since the Chinese philosophy at beginning is based on dao-de("道-德"), i. e., taking dao-de as the highest principles of everything between the heaven and the earth, and move away the ghost and deity decisively on this criteria, therefore, the "philosophy as it is" developed through deletion and correction of the Six Classics also means "dao-de as it is". The real significance of deletion and correction of the Six Classics is that it makes the old Six Classics to reconstruct along the direction of the philosophy at beginning, thus to make them as the classics of source in the whole Chinese cultural tradition.