熊彼特需要找回“国家”：技术革命浪潮视域下新质生产力发展的动力机制探讨
Schumpeter Needs to Retrieve the “State”:Exploration into the Dynamic Mechanism of the Development of New Quality Productive Forces in the Perspective of Technological Revolution Wave
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摘要: 创新是经济高质量发展的第一推动力，亦是导致经济长周期波动的主要解释因子。创新理论大师熊彼特提出企业家的创新活动是驱动经济长期波动的内在动因，但为什么创新活动，尤其是创新蜂聚现象会呈现特定的周期性，熊彼特并未给出充分的解释。此外，企业家创新驱动的长波也不能很好地解释第二次世界大战后美国和苏联科技竞争所促发的第五次康德拉季耶夫长波。技术演化的本质是技术模块的递归组合，因而技术系统必然呈现出日益复杂化的趋势。技术复杂度的提升使得技术创新越来越依赖于多主体的协同推进，因此，国家作为组织者和协调者介入重大技术创新活动是技术演化的必然结果。有必要将国家纳入熊彼特长波模型中，并将“新质生产力”置于技术革命浪潮视域下进行审视，从而构建一个多主体共同驱动的长波理论概念模型。在对第五次长波进行历史考察的基础上提出“大国竞争是开启经济长波的重要力量”，进而对新质生产力发展的动力机制和组织模式进行阐释，将对中国发展新质生产力，以及引领新一轮技术革命浪潮提供理论和政策启示。Abstract: Innovation is the primary driving force for high-quality economic development and the main explanatory factor for long-term economic fluctuations.Innovation theory master Schumpeter proposed that entrepreneurial innovation activities are the intrinsic driving force behind long-term economic fluctuations.However,Schumpeter did not provide sufficient explanation for why innovation activities,especially the phenomenon of innovation clustering,exhibit specific periodicity.In addition,the long wave driven by entrepreneurial innovation cannot well explain the fifth Kondratiev long wave triggered by technological competition between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II.The essence of technological evolution is the recursive combination of technological modules,so technological systems are inevitably showing an increasingly complex trend.The increase in technological complexity makes technological innovation increasingly dependent on the collaborative promotion of multiple entities.Therefore,the involvement of the state as an organizer and coordinator in major technological innovation activities is an inevitable result of technological evolution.This article attempts to incorporate the state into the Schumpeter long wave model and examine “New Quality Productive Forces” from the perspective of technological revolution,in order to construct a multi subject driven long wave theoretical conceptual model.On the basis of historical investigation of the fifth long wave,it is proposed that “competition among major powers is an important force in opening up the economic long wave”,and then the driving mechanism and organizational model of the development of new quality productive forces are explained,providing theoretical and policy inspiration for China’s development of new quality productive forces and leading a new wave of technological revolution.
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