长老权力与时势权力的消长:数字时代的代际关系
The Substitution of Father’s Power and Contextual Power: Intergenerational Relationship in the Digital Age
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摘要: 以数字技术为支撑的信息网络对家庭代际关系中的权力与地位流变造成了重要影响。基于费孝通的权力理论,聚焦长老权力与时势权力,发现:小农社会基于情感理性的“孝”和工具兼情感理性的“敬”,构成长老权力的基础支撑;在数字技术快速更新迭代、信息浪潮全面冲击个体与家庭生活的新时代,数字知识的崛起与自下而上的技术反哺,推动了与长老权力相抗衡的时势权力的发展,改变了传统的知识生产范式、存在形式以及教养传递与话语掌控模式。时势权力向长老权力发起冲击,“祛魅”父辈,赋权子代,重塑代际关系。信息技术在冲击长老权力之时,也蕴含着代际之间实现与合共生理想诉求的更大可能。Abstract: Based on Fei Xiaotong’s power theory, and focusing on the father’s power and contextual power, this paper explores the impact of digital technology on intergenerational relationships. It finds that “filial piety” based on the blood and “respect” based on the usefulness of fathers constitute the basic support of father’s power in agriculture society. Conversely, digital technology have promoted the development of contextual power as a counterweight to father’s power, changing the traditional modes of knowledge production, existence, and the direction of dissemination from parents to children. It has also changed the control of discourse, disenchanting parental power, empowering the offspring, and thus changing intergenerational power relationships. Although the process of intergenerational power succession implies struggle and conflict, compared with traditional societies, a harmonious and coexisting power relationship between generations in the information age is more likely to be achieved. This might be so because a complete individual development of children still requires the life experience accumulated through age of fathers, while fathers need to learn new technology from their children, which promotes the exchange and complementation of old and new knowledge between generations. The improvement of fathers’ capital endowment and intergenerational reciprocity of resources help facilitate the harmonious co-existence of father’s power and contextual power.
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表 1 四类权力的主要特征
权力类型 作用机制 主要特征 横暴权力 社会冲突与压迫;
建立在剥削关系上社会团体或阶层的主从;
剥夺被统治者以获得利益的工具同意权力 社会合作、分工、
社会契约、授权对反对声音持宽容甚至鼓励态度 长老权力 社会继替;先天与传统;
血缘的孝;
教化的敬;有知对无知孝与顺从;教化无知;
反对声音成为传统规制的注释时势权力 社会变迁;社会转型 旧制度无法适应新环境;社会变动越剧烈,时势权力越凸显;反对发生于对同一问题不同的答案上,变成对垒 注:笔者基于对《乡土中国》相关章节的理解整理而成。 -

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