Abstract: From the blood, the geography to the spirit, the community has a process of change. As an institutional community, the state has an important responsibility for public governance. In the political narrative of state governance, either based on culture or based on interests, the diversity of ethnic groups is also accompanied by the formation and change of the state. In the process of the formation of the early countries, national governance and ethnic governance are no different; in the process of establishing the nation-state and modern society, ethnic-based national governance began to show its internal heterogeneity, but this heterogeneity still reflects The tension between the justice of the state governance goal and the equality of governance means is reflected in the tension between the difference of minority rights and the integrity of state governance. Under the condition of the rise of minority rights, the rights of social micro-governance are gradually incorporated into the national governance system. Therefore, the national governance of modern multi-ethnic groups needs to face the existence of heterogeneity and minority rights, as well as reflect the integration of goal consistency and policy diversity in the rebalancing of public governance.