拉图尔的空间观与人类学:关于局部与全局的理论探讨
Anthropology and Latour's Theory of Space: A Theoretical Reflection on the Local and the Global
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摘要: 20世纪90年代,人类学希望走出对“地方”的关注,把目光投向更宽广的线路和网络,这场讨论揭示了欧几里得空间观如何塑造了传统人类学对局部与全局的理解。拉图尔的行动者—网络理论有助于接续这场讨论。行动者—网络理论主张在局部追溯影响力的传导,然后把它们串联成对全局的描述,但是网络中的每个节点作为局部互动的发生场所,又在其他方向上是其他行动者—网络的节点。对于拉图尔,局部与全局的关系需要在扁平的维度追溯,不像欧几里得空间观那样存在着嵌套关系。把拉图尔的空间观念与其他人类学空间观念对比有助于揭示行动者—网络理论如何打破人类学最潜移默化的空间框架和设定,一些新近获奖的作品证明,拉图尔的空间设定已经成为当代人类学最重要的变化。Abstract: Since the 1990s,anthropology has sought to move beyond an exclusive focus on the “local” and to attend to broader questions of routes and networks.This shift revealed how a Euclidean conception of space has shaped traditional anthropological understandings of the relationship between the local and the global.Actor-network theory helps to extend this line of inquiry.It proposes that analysis should begin with local interactions in order to trace how influence circulates,and then link these sites into accounts of the global.At the same time,each node in the network,as a site where local interactions take place,is also a node within other actor-networks oriented in different directions.For Latour,the relationship between the local and the global must be traced on a flat plane,rather than understood as a nested structure characteristic of Euclidean spatial thinking.By placing Latour's spatial conception in comparison with other anthropological approaches to space,this article shows how actor-network theory unsettles some of anthropology's most deeply ingrained spatial assumptions.Drawing on recent award-winning ethnographies,it argues that Latour's reconfiguration of space constitutes one of the most significant shifts in contemporary anthropology.
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Key words:
- Latour /
- actor-network theory /
- anthropology of space /
- anthropological methods
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