数字司法的法律推理困境及其法理因应
作者简介:杨知文,华东政法大学法律学院教授(上海 201620)。
基金项目:
本文为司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“全面依法治国背景下的中国式法律职业伦理构建研究”(25SFB2005)的阶段性成果
摘要: 数字司法是人工智能技术深度赋能司法的成果,其对应的法律推理结构包括了基于规则的演绎推理、事实认定的证据推理和基于案例的类比推理。然而,数字司法的运营面临着法律推理前提的可议论性无法被算法化、案件事实的法律性构建不能被数据化、案件的相似性判定难以被标准化,以及实质法律推理的运用空间被不完全地消解等多重方法论困境。从解决法律推理困境的角度看,数字司法的发展应获得法理上的正当性,确立合乎司法自身特性的因应之策。就此,需要坚守符合司法对话性要求的决策机制,预留法官开展自由裁量的必要空间,建立针对类案判定的异议程序,增强智能化裁判的确定性导向,并引入来自司法伦理的正向约束。只有让数字司法回归法官裁判职责和法院的具体案件办理,才是践行数字正义的真正之路。
On Legal Reasoning Dilemmas of Digital Justice & Its Legal Response
Abstract: Digital justice is the result of artificial intelligence technology deeply empowering the judiciary, and its corresponding legal reasoning structure includes rule-based deductive reasoning, factual evidence reasoning, and case-based analogical reasoning. However, the operation of digital justice faces multiple methodological dilemmas, such as the inability to algorithmic the argumentative premise of legal reasoning, the inability to dataize the legal construction of case facts, the difficulty in standardizing the similarity determination of cases, and the incomplete dissolution of the application space of substantive legal reasoning. From the perspective of solving the dilemma of legal reasoning, the development of digital justice should obtain legal legitimacy and determine corresponding strategies that are in line with the characteristics of justice itself. In this regard, it is necessary to adhere to a decision-making mechanism that meets the requirements of judicial dialogue, reserve necessary space for judges to exercise discretion, establish objection procedures for similar case judgments, enhance the certainty orientation of intelligent judgments, and introduce positive constraints from judicial ethics. Returning to the judicial duties of judges and the handling of specific cases by courts is the true path to achieving digital justice.