如何看待艺术作品中的唯物论倾向——阿多诺的审美理论及其启示
How to View the Tendency of Materialism in Art Works—— Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory and Its Enlightenment
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摘要: 阿多诺认为,艺术作品是要把握非同一的东西,艺术作品的真理内容就是这个非同一的东西。但是把握这个非同一的东西就如同康德的认识论要把握“自在之物”一样会陷入幻相之中。艺术的真理内容表现在这种幻相之中。艺术作品中的唯物论是以幻相的形式出现的。因此,艺术中的客体优先性与认识中的客体优先性是相反的,艺术中的客体优先性表现为摆脱客体的自由。如果艺术中的客体优先性表现为摆脱客体的自由,那么艺术中的客体优先性恰恰变成了观念论。这种观念论表现在艺术中的唯我论上。艺术中的唯我论是必然的,但也是社会确立起来的,艺术中的自律性其实也是它的社会性。因此,艺术中的唯我论也能够走向唯物论。阿多诺过分强调艺术的自律性,强调内在的超越性,这也显示了他的唯物论所体现出来的观念论向度。
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关键词:
- 艺术作品|唯物论|观念论|阿多诺
Abstract: Adorno believes that work of art is to grasp the nonidentical,and the truth content of the work of art is this nonidentical thing.But grasping this nonidentity is like grasping the “thing in itself” in Kant’s epistemology.The truth content of art is expressed in this illusion (Schein).Materialism in works of art appears in the form of illusion.Therefore,the priority of the object in art is the opposite of the priority of the object in cognition,and the priority of the object in art is the freedom from the object.If the priority of the object in art is expressed as freedom from the object,then the priority of the object in art is precisely idealism.This idealism is expressed in the solipsism of art.Solipsism in art is inevitable.However,solipsism in works of art is also established by society,and the autonomy in art is actually its sociality.Therefore,solipsism in art can also move towards materialism.Adorno overemphasizes the autonomy of art and the inner transcendence,which also shows the idealistic dimension embodied in his materialism.-
Key words:
- works of art,materialism,concept,Adorno
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