Abstract: Judging China’s econmic and social development planning includes seven criteria: whether it embodies human-oriented scientific concept of development, whether it meets the basic situation of our country, whether it gives preference to public interest, whether the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, whether it aims at providing public goods for externalities (market failure), whether it has established an incentive compatibility mechanism between central government and local government and between government and civil society, whether it sets the discretion of local governments in a reasonable range. They are not only the criteria for judging whether various economic and social development plans including the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development” are scientific and reasonable, but also the basic principles for formulating new economic and social development plans in the future, especially the “Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development” which has already been launched.