国际软法在全球治理中的效力探究
Study on the Power of International Soft Law in Global Governance
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摘要: 软法亦为法,不具有约束力是国际软法的应然特性,却非为全然否定软法存在意义的正当理由。在全球化进程中出现“逆全球化”或全球化规则重塑插曲之际,全球性条约等硬法创制困难重重,诸如难民领域,从《纽约宣言》至《全球契约》的发展等国际软法参与全球治理的实证案例,彰显着其实然效果和能力。国家自由意志等因素致使软法之力凸显不确定性和可塑性,“零”约束力不等同于实然上软法不具有力量,“赋予”更是起到加成效果,而且作为软法主要标签的约束力特性,恰常成为国际关系行为体青睐软法的根源。时代环境影响着甚至是为国际软法的演进发展提供机遇,同时软法也在参与塑造着社会、法治等抽象“环境”,国际软法自身及其对硬法形成和成熟的奠基和助力,蕴含着对多边主义秩序的表达和坚持,这也正是国际软法之影响力和感召力的现实外显。Abstract: Soft law is law, but it has no legally binding force which is the ought-to-be characteristic but not a valid reason to completely deny significance of existence of soft law. With emergence of the counter-globalization or the reshaping global rules in the process of globalization, multilateral treaty-making gets into difficulties, and a series of empirical cases of the participation of international soft law in global governance demonstrate its actual effect and power. In the reform of the international refugee field, development from reaching the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants to the subsequent adoption of two Contracts is an example. Power of soft law highlights uncertainty and plasticity due, inter alia, to factor of free will of States. The fact that non-binding force does not mean that soft law has no power in reality, and “empowerment” makes it more powerful. Moreover, the binding force as main label of soft law is often the root reason that actors in international relations prefer soft law instruments. The environment of the times influences and even provides opportunities for evolution of international soft law. Meanwhile, soft law is also participating in shaping the rule of law and other abstract environment. Soft law itself and its laying a foundation for and contributions to the formation and maturity of hard law contain the expression and staying committed to multilateralism. This is precisely the presentation of the influence and charisma of international soft law.
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Key words:
- international soft law /
- binding force /
- environment /
- multilateralism /
- refugees
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