在德里达与萨义德之间——论解构主义与后-殖民批评底层逻辑的不可通约性
Between Derrida and Said——On the Incommensurability of the Underlying Logic between Deconstructivism and Postcolonial Criticism
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摘要: 从20世纪晚期以来,西方学者与中国学者都把德里达及其解构主义带入关于萨义德与后-殖民批评的讨论中。在这里,我们浓缩地概述了解构主义的底层逻辑,以此不难发现,解构主义与后-殖民批评在双方的底层逻辑上两者相去甚远,其中有充足的理论文献可以给予实证。解构主义挑战的是本体界在场形而上学的先验性哲学问题,而后-殖民批评抵抗的是现象界西方殖民与后-殖民宗主国以霸权实施的经验性地缘政治学的问题。我们给出了一个设问与回答:后-殖民批评要“解构”的“中心”是什么呢?我们不认为只要简单地抓住通贯西方哲学史上的逻各斯中心主义和人种中心主义,以其替换为西方殖民或后-殖民历史上的西方中心主义和种族中心主义,学界即可以判定后-殖民批评深受德里达解构主义的影响,并且把解构主义认同为支撑萨义德与后-殖民批评的阿基米德点。这无疑是对萨义德与德里达的双向误读。Abstract: Since the late 20th century, both Western and Chinese scholars have brought Derrida and his deconstructivism into the discussion of Said and post-colonial criticism.Here we provide a condensed overview of the underlying logic of deconstructivism.It is not difficult to find out that deconstructivism and post-colonial criticism are far apart from each other in terms of their underlying logic, which can be verified by ample theoretical literature.Deconstructivism challenges the transcendental philosophical issues regarding "metaphysics of presence" in the noumenal world, while post-colonial criticism resists the empirical geopolitical issues forced by the hegemony of Western colonial and post-colonial suzerains in the phenomenological world.A practical question could be asked: What is the "center" to be "deconstructed" by post-colonial criticism? We do not believe that as long as we simply grasp the logocentrism and ethnocentrism (人种中心主义) penetrating the history of Western philosophy, and substitute Western-centrism and ethnocentrism (种族中心主义) in Western colonial or postcolonial history for them, the academia can determine that post-colonial criticism was deeply influenced by Derrida's deconstructivism, and therefore identify deconstructivism as the Archimedean point of Said and post-colonial criticism.This is undoubtedly a mutual misreading of Said and Derrida.
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Key words:
- Said /
- Derrida /
- deconstructivism /
- post-colonial criticism /
- the underlying logic
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