“事”与“史”
作者简介:杨国荣,华东师范大学中国现代思想文化研究所暨哲学系教授(上海 200241)
摘要: 历史生成于人所作之“事”。离开了“事”的多样展开,历史将流于抽象和空洞,脱离了具体的“事”,历史主体也将虚幻化。正是在参与多样之“事”或从事多样的活动的过程中,人成为历史的主体,而“事”的多样性,则规定了历史演进的多方面性。相应于“事”由人“作”,因“事”成“史”同时表现为人创造历史的过程。然而,“事”总是发生于已有的条件之下,“史”同样展开于既定的背景之中,“事”和“史”所涉及的既成前提,具体表现为“势”和“理”,作为“事”和“史”综合背景的“势”与“势”所蕴含的内在法则(“理”),扬弃了“事”和“史”的任意性而使之具有现实的形态。源于人的参与和基于既成的“势”和“理”,构成了“事”和“史”的二重向度。“事”的变动和“史”的衍化,都非仅仅呈现为空洞的时间流逝,而是包含实质的价值内容。“事”的发生源于现实的需要,这种需要在不同的意义上涉及人自身的发展,“史”的衍化则关乎人与社会发展的方向:“事”有目的,“史”有方向,“事”无止境,故“史”无终结。人类的历史发展在总体上表现为基于所作之“事”而不断走向自由之境。
“Affair” and “History”
- Available Online:
2019-01-01
Abstract: Human affairs make ' history”. Without ' affairs”, history becomes abstract and void. Without concrete ' affairs”, the main body of history will be illusory. Humans become the main body of history by taking part in various ' affairs” and activities, while the multiplicity nature determines the multi-facades of the evolution of history. That ' history” made by ' affairs” means the process of human creation of history. But ' affairs” happen under the known condition, and history happens in the existed situation. The existed premise of ' affairs” and ' history” is expressed as ' momentum” and ' reason”. ' Momentum” as the comprehensive situation of ' affairs” and ' history”, as well as ' reason” as the inner law of ' momentum”, discard the arbitrariness of ' affairs” and ' history”, and gives a realistic morphology. A double dimension is formed by ' momentum” and ' reason”, and human activities. The changes of ' affairs” and ' history” are not just the passing of time, but containing real-value content. ' affairs” happen from the need of reality, which involves the development of humans themselves. The evolution of ' history” is related to the direction of development of humans and society. ' Affairs” have their aim, while ' history” has its direction. ' Affairs” are endless, so that ' history is endless. The historical development of humans is generally expressed as it is based on ' affairs” and continuously develops to freedom.