自由主义的自由观:分析与重构
Liberalism’ Conceptions of Freedom: Analysis and Reconstruction
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摘要: 自由观是自由主义思想的核心。通过对各种自由理论的分析,我们把自由主义的自由观分为三种,即古典自由主义、极端自由主义和平等主义的自由主义。古典自由主义持有一种消极自由的观念,它所说的自由意味着没有来自外部的干涉,因此我们把这种自由观的原则概括为“自由无干涉”。极端自由主义秉承了古典自由主义的思想,但是针对当代福利国家的政治现实,它又提出了“义务无强加”的原则,从而发展出一种新自由主义。但是,这种由“无干涉”和“无强加”体现出来的自由观具有重大的缺陷,需要加以修正。平等主义的自由主义承担了修正的任务,它用平等主义来补充自由主义。但是,无论当代自由主义如何修正和发展,它都避免不了其消极自由的性质,也避免不了这种自由观的局限性。Abstract: The conception of freedom is the core of liberal theory. By an analysis of liberal theories, we may divide liberalism’ conceptions of freedom into three kinds: classic liberal, libertarian and equalitarian. Classic liberalism holds the conception of negative freedom, which of the freedom means without interference. We may call the conception of freedom as “the freedom without interference”. Libertarianism carries on some ideas of classic liberalism, but put forward a principle of “obligation without imposition” against the welfare state. Libertarianism sometimes is called the new liberalism. Whatever the conceptions of freedom embodied as “without interference” or “without imposition” has some important flaws, there for need to be revised. Equalitarian liberalism takes on the task of revising liberalism, which supplement liberalism with equalitarianism. However contemporary liberalism is to be revised and supplemented, it can’t change the nature of negative freedom, and can’t refrain from the limitation of the conceptions of freedom.
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Key words:
- freedom /
- equality /
- obligation /
- liberalism
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