从个体经验到“内部经验”——以《阿德勒之书》为中心
From Individual Experience to “Inner Experience”——Focusing on Bog om Adler
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摘要: 个体经验的意义一直是西方哲学中的棘手问题之一,尤其当这种经验成为克尔凯郭尔所说的“神启事实”或法国作家兼哲学家巴塔耶所说的“内部经验”的时候,如何评判这类经验的价值便成为当务之急。对于克尔凯郭尔来说,个体与“神启事实”相遇的真实性只需由当事人的陈述作保证,无需其他证据,但当事人在接受启示事件之后的表现将成为天才与使徒之分的关键。继克尔凯郭尔百年之后,巴塔耶在“上帝死了”的背景下开启对“内部经验”的讨论。”内部经验”是个体对思想极限的探索,其自身即具有合法性,无需外在证明。”内部经验”作为思想的极限与行动相异,其存在需要以拥有类似经验的“共同体”的存在为前提,这一点限制了“内部经验”的效用范围。一个人无权否认他人经验或“内部经验”的真实性,但个体经验和”内部经验”的安全居所当是克尔凯郭尔构想的“内心性”层面,同时它应该能够包容他者的经验。Abstract: The significance of individual experience has been problematic in Western philosophy. The situation becomes even more acute when such experience manifests as what Søren Kierkegaard termed "Aabenbarings-Faktum- revelation fact", or what the French writer and philosopher George Bataille described as "expérience intérieure-inner experience". How to view and evaluate such experiences becomes unavoidable. For Kierkegaard, the authenticity of an individual's encounter with revelation requires no evidence beyond the individual's own testimony. It is his or her post-eventual conduct that distinguishes a genius from an apostle. A century later, Bataille initiated discussions on "inner experience" in the background that "God is dead". "Inner experience" constitutes an individual's exploration of possibilities of thought, and bears inherent legitimacy which requires no external validation. "Inner experience" thus differs from action, and its validity depends on the presence of a "community" sharing similar experiences, which constrains the scope of its utility. No individual has right to refute the authenticity of the other's extraordinary experience or "inner experience". Meanwhile the safe place for these experiences might be within the Kierkegaardian conception of "Inderlighed-Inwardness", a realm capable of embracing the experiences of the other.
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Key words:
- individual experience /
- inner experience /
- inwardness /
- Sø /
- ren Kierkegaard
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