作为用户的平台劳动者:保护机制及其构建
作者简介:吴文芳,上海财经大学法学院教授(上海 200433);王瑞宏,上海财经大学法学院博士研究生(上海 200433)。
基金项目:
本文为国家社会科学基金一般项目“算法规制中的劳动者权益保障机制研究”(21BFX128)、浙江省社会科学界联合会研究课题“数字经济背景下新业态劳动者权益分层保护模式研究”(2023N036)的阶段性成果
摘要: 平台劳动者因其劳务提供过程依赖平台应用程序而兼具“劳动者”和“用户”双重身份。从“用户—服务商”视角可见,平台企业与平台劳动者之间构成以信息技术服务为标的的交易关系。但在平台权力与网络效应、锁定效应的共同作用下,该交易关系中双方主体地位实质不平等,平台劳动者作为交易主体的公平交易、自由选择等权利难以兑现,交易秩序岌岌可危。平台劳动者的用户保护机制正是以此切入,在现行实在法框架内充分借鉴国内外已有的制度实践经验,由消费者权益保护进路、个人信息保护进路、反垄断法保护进路形成合力,以矫正交易主体地位不对等为目标的制度体系,旨在弥补劳动者保护机制与经济社会转型现实之间的制度裂缝,最终实现对平台劳动者权益更为全面、有效的保障。
Platform Workers as Users: Protection Mechanisms and Its Construction
Abstract: Platform workers have the dual status of “workers” and “users” because of their reliance on platform applications in the process of providing their services.From the perspective of “user-service provider”,platform enterprises and platform workers constitute a transactional relationship with information technology services as the subject matter.However,under the combined effect of platform power,network effect and lock-in effect,the status of the two parties in this transaction relationship is substantially unequal,and it is difficult to realize the rights of platform workers as the subject of the transaction,such as the rights to fair trade and free choice,and the order of the transaction is precarious.The user protection mechanism of platform workers is precisely to take this as an entry point,and within the framework of the existing positive law,fully draw on the existing institutional practice experience at home and abroad,to form a system of institutional practice that consists of the consumer rights and interests protection approach,personal information protection approach,and anti-monopoly law protection approach,and is aimed at maintaining the order of transactions and correcting the inequality of status of the subject of the transaction,with the aim of compensating for the institutional crack between the protection mechanism of laborers and the reality of the economic and social transformation,and ultimately realizing the goal of the protection mechanism.The aim of this system is to bridge the gap between the labor protection mechanism and the realities of economic and social transformation,and ultimately to realize a more comprehensive and effective protection of the rights and interests of platform workers.