Political Crisis,Imperial Examination and National Governance in Late Ming Dynasty

In late Ming Dynasty,various crises of political order and social control emerged in China,which drew the overall attention of the country to the local level.But the fundamental solution still lies in the various talents urgently needed for national governance.The maintenance of order from the court to the states and counties requires a large number of officials who are loyal and devoted to the country,and the soil for their cultivation lies in the Imperial Examination system.In the content of the imperial examination in late Ming Dynasty,most of it was a major issue of national governance and etiquette,especially in the national examination planning,which was particularly evident.In the macro process of national governance,the construction of institutional civilization has fundamental significance,and from the perspective of the Imperial Examination system,it can better reflect its importance.On the basis of the system established in early Ming Dynasty and long-term education,talent selection has distinct differences in specialization and region.Compared with the results of the Palace Examination,there are still differences in the number of candidates,personal names,and residence registration,which deserved special attention.This can reflect the problems or habits that exist in the Imperial Examination and admission process.But the content of the scientific examination embodies the basic principles of dynastic rule,especially in terms of strategic analysis,which is more closely related to the important issues of late Ming politics and how to deal with them,and is linked to changes in the social atmosphere,literary style,and national fortune at that time.The selection of suitable talents for the continuation of the dynasty’s rule through the palace examination ultimately constitutes the basic dependence for national governance.