Abstract: As an important part of traditional Chinese culture, the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese economic thought is of great significance for accelerating the construction of Chinese economics in the new era. The construction of Chinese economics has its practical necessity and historical inevitability. The reasons are threefold: first, it is difficult to effectively solve China’s problems by copying foreign economic theories; second, there arises the internal theoretical appeal with the development of China’s economic practice; and third, it is the call of the times to tell China’s economic stories well to the world. From the interaction between the study of traditional Chinese economic thought and the exploration of constructing Chinese economics since the modern times, the boosting effect of the former on the latter is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, laying the cornerstone of the history of Chinese economic thought and enriching the discipline system of Chinese economics; second, constructing the discourse system of traditional economic thought and highlighting the local elements of Chinese economics; third, spreading traditional Chinese economic thought and seizing the international discourse power of Chinese economics. With more than a hundred years of exploration, the construction of Chinese economics is entering a new historical period, and gradually focuses on the leading direction of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics. Whether for the fundamental position of taking the people as the center or the ideological essence of new development concepts, traditional Chinese economic thought offers valuable insights.