从心性现象学到物性现象学
作者简介:杨大春,浙江大学哲学学院教授(浙江杭州 310058)
摘要: 心性现象学被认为是运用现象学方法或依据现象学精神,围绕古今中西文明推动心性思想研究的尝试。事实上,现象学通常被等同于心性现象学。真正说来,心性现象学(意识现象学、精神现象学)在早期现代哲学中有其重要资源,但主要归属于后期现代哲学。这是一种意向性现象学,它要么围绕纯粹意识要么围绕不纯意识(身体意识)展开,并因此可以区分为纯粹心性现象学(纯粹意识现象学、纯粹精神现象学)和不纯心性现象学(不纯意识现象学、不纯精神现象学、身体现象学)两大类型。伴随着当代哲学的来临,一种几乎还没有获得承认的物质现象学(非意向性现象学)突然涌现,这意味着心性现象学的黄昏和物性现象学的黎明。在现象学彻底化的进程中,所谓的现象学神学转向只不过是一个伪问题,根本就不存在神性现象学。当代现象学不再强调人或自然的心性,不可能回到人或自然的神性,只能认可人或自然的 物性。
From Phenomenology of Spirituality to Phenomenology of Materiality
- Available Online:
2022-01-15
Abstract: Phenomenology of spirituality is considered to be an attempt to promote the study of thought of mind-nature (spirituality) around ancient and modern Chinese and Western civilizations by using the phenomenological method or following the phenomenological spirit. In fact, phenomenology is generally limited to that of spirituality. However, phenomenology of spirituality has its important resources in early modern philosophy, and mainly belongs to later modern philosophy. This is a kind of intentional phenomenology, it is either around pure consciousness or around impure consciousness (bodily consciousness), and therefore there is a distinction between phenomenology of pure spirituality (phenomenology of pure consciousness, phenomenology of pure spirit) and phenomenology of impure spirituality (phenomenology of impure consciousness, phenomenology of impure spirit, phenomenology of body). With the advent of contemporary philosophy, there is a sudden emergence of phenomenology of material (nonintentional phenomenology) and this means the dusk of phenomenology of spirituality and the dawn of phenomenology of materiality. In the process of phenomenological radicalization, the so-called theological shift of phenomenology is simply a pseudo-problem, and there is no phenomenology of divinity at all. Contemporary phenomenology no longer emphasizes man or nature’s spirituality, could not return to their divinity, could only accept their materiality.