河朔藩镇性格说再检讨
作者简介:秦中亮,上海师范大学人文学院古籍研究所讲师(上海 200234)
摘要: 恒州独特的地理位置以及李宝臣奚族酋长养子的身份,使得诸多大将麇集于成德镇,进而构成了足以主导藩镇政治走向的将校集团。然而,李宝臣彻底掌握权力之后,就开始用侧近的亲信取代军功的将校,甚至不惜以杀戮的手段消解将校集团,直至建中三年(782),李惟岳捐舍于会府,将校集团也趋于终结。史家自身的政治经验以及有资于治道的治史目的,使得史乘中有意无意地夸大了魏博牙兵作乱的形象。实际上,魏博牙兵经历了从亲卫军到非亲卫军的嬗变,直到乐彦祯主政魏博的时代,牙兵才能真正主导藩镇的命运。嚆矢于至德年间的成德将校集团,其发育是在河朔藩镇半割据时代来临之前,而魏博牙兵真正成为藩镇性格的代表已经到了唐末,二者之间并没有时间的交集,从未共处于同一个时代。长庆年间以后,河朔三镇在藩镇权力结构上逐渐走上分途,成德镇藩帅对于藩镇权力的把控得以加强;幽州镇是牙将发挥主导作用;魏博镇则是牙兵逐渐掌权,控制着藩镇的命运。
Re−examination of the Character Theory of Provincial in Hebei
- Available Online:
2019-12-01
Abstract: Hengzhou’s unique geographical location and the status of foster son of Li Baochen’s Xi chieftain make many generals gather in Chengde Province, and then form a general group that can dominate the political trend of Fanzhen Province. However, after Li Baochen completely seized power, he began to replace military generals with close relatives, and even destroyed the general group by killing, until three years after the founding of Jianzhong (782), when Li Weiyue died in the Guild Hall and the general group tended to end. The historian’s own political experience and the purpose of governing history make Shi Chengzhong exaggerate the image of Wei Bo’s rebellion intentionally or unintentionally. In fact, Wei Bo’s Forbidden Army experienced the evolution from the pro-guard army to the non-pro-guard army, until the era of Yue Yanzhen’s reign in Wei Bo, the Yibing (“牙兵”) could truly dominate the fate of Fanzhen. The Chengde General Group, which began in the period of the reign of Zhide, developed before the semi-secessionist era of Heshuo Fanzhen, and it was the end of Tang Dynasty that Wei Bo’s forbidden army really became the representative of Fanzhen’s character. There was no time overlap between them, and they never lived in the same era. After Changqing, the three Provinces of Heshuo gradually diverged in the power structure of Fanzhen, and the festival of Chengde Province strengthened the control over the power of Fanzhen; Youzhou Province played a leading role as a general of the forbidden army; Weibo Province gradually took power and controlled the fate of Fanzhen.