制度联结:中国特色志愿服务的多重实践与逻辑
Institutional Connectedness: The Multiple Logics and Practice of Volunteer Services in China
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摘要: 在党建引领、健全志愿服务体系的背景下,志愿服务是党和国家、社会的制度联结方式。中国特色志愿服务体系是一个多重系统,科层、专业、社区是志愿服务的三种典型制度联结逻辑,志愿服务分别对应于科层化延伸、专业化发展和社会化普及三种机制。科层逻辑强调治理转变,专业逻辑强调服务效率与个人/群体专长,社区逻辑强调社会认同归属,三种逻辑促成不同的联结。以国内不同典型志愿服务类型为基础,对制度复杂性下的志愿服务发展进行讨论,分析志愿服务制度联结的稳定性和动态性,发现三种逻辑和机制并非完全独立,不同层次的制度逻辑也相互影响、相互约束,最终影响志愿行为。Abstract: In the context of Party building and the improving of the voluntary service system, it is an institutional connectedness form of volunteer service to connect the party, the state and the society. The volunteer service system in China is a multiple one. There are three identical institutional connectedness logics of volunteer services, including bureaucracy, profession, and community. Correspondingly, there are three mechanisms, including bureaucratic extension, professional development and social popularization. Governance innovation, the professions and efficiency of service, and social identity, are emphasized in the different mechanisms. The author discusses on the development of volunteer service in the context of institutional complexity, based on the analysis of different types of volunteer service in China.
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表 1 三种类型的制度逻辑和发展机制
内容特征 制度联结方式 科层联结 专业联结 社区联结 志愿主体 党政机关部门、群团
组织、公众等党政机关部门、群团组织、企事业
单位、专业化社会组织、公众等党政机关部门、群团组织、企事业
单位、社区社会组织、公众等发展机制 科层化延伸 专业化发展 社会化普及 志愿服务内容 基本公共服务延伸 专业化服务 普遍性服务 特征 主动与强制 规范与回应 扩散与认同 -

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