唐史暨唐传奇视域中的“诗—史”建模——钱锺书错判陈寅恪之献疑
Poetry-History Modelling in the Perspective of Tang History and Tang Legends—— Doubting Qian Zhongshu’s Misjudgement on Chen Yinke
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摘要: 自1940年以降，在“诗—史”关系论域，陈寅恪（下简称陈），钱锺书（下简称钱）相继有各自的思辨路径暨诗学建模。陈从未臧否钱的诗学观，然从1942年《谈艺录》脱稿到1984年《谈艺录》修订本，乃至2002年三联版《写在人生边上·人生边上的边上·石语》所辑钱1978年的意大利演讲，钱数落陈的“诗—史”建模已逾半世纪。新世纪以来，学界介入此案之“孰是孰非”者渐多，大多数著述是判“钱是陈非”，其共同点是皆以钱著所主张的“诗—史分界”说为准绳，来径直错判陈的“诗—史”建模；却几无文献可证明错判者对陈著《隋唐制度渊源》《唐代政治史述》《元白诗笺证稿》也下苦功细读过。故错判者始终未识陈是以社会史家暨文学批评史家之“角色叠加”视角来构建其“诗—史”观，进而不解陈在唐史视域所设定的“以诗补史”（归属史学），竟异质于陈在唐传奇视域所设定的“诗俟史证”（归属诗学）。其结果，也就形同“众声喧哗”地表决，错判了在“诗—史”观一案的“钱是陈非”。本文所谓“献疑”，是愿在对钱著、陈著作一视同仁之文献细读的前提下，指出钱对陈的“错判”，根子亦在钱作为诗学巨子之“臆见矜高”，而对陈著（特别是《元白诗笺证稿》）未肯系统“探本”所致。Abstract: Since 1940,in the field of “poetry-history” relationship,Chen Yinke and Qian Zhongshu have had their own paths of thought and poetic modelling.Chen has never denounced Qian’s poetic views,but Qian has been criticising Chen’s “poetic-historical” model for more than half a century.Since the new century,more and more scholars have been involved in this case,but most of them have taken the “poetry-history division” advocated by Qian as a criterion,without referring to Chen’s writings.The so-called “doubt” in this paper is willing to read the literature of Qian’s and Chen’s works on the same premise,pointing out that Qian’s “wrong judgement” of Chen is also rooted in Qian’s “high opinion” as a giant of poetics,while failing to make a systematic “exploration of the book” of Chen’s writings (especially the “Yuanbai Poetry Notes and Certificates”).
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