艺术市场全球化的社会学叙事:表现、机制与后果
作者简介:闻翔,中国人民大学社会与人口学院副教授(北京 100872)
摘要: 全球化构成了当代艺术市场最基本的处境。作为艺术社会学的一个新兴议题,对艺术市场全球化的研究主要集中在表现、机制与后果三个层面。就表现而言,艺术市场的全球化呈现在地域扩张、跨国组织增多、销售渠道变更、买家群体迭代与价格变迁等多个维度。就机制而言,在艺术市场的全球化过程中,画廊、收藏家、策展人、拍卖行等传统市场主体与数据供应商、咨询公司及金融机构等新型市场主体分别扮演了不同的角色,代表了不同的实践机制。前者发挥了文化中介与价值建构的功能,后者则将艺术价值标准化,由此使得各个国家与地区的艺术可以相互通约。就后果而言,社会学家的研究涵盖了权力与制度双重视角,前者聚焦于各个国家之间原有的“中心−边缘”权力关系是否在全球化的过程中变得平等化,后者则关心全球化是否导致了一个统一的全球艺术市场制度与组织模式的形成。对艺术市场全球化的考察一方面有助于理解艺术及艺术界在当下的变迁逻辑,另一方面也有助于深化社会学对文化全球化的机理与限制的反思。随着中国艺术市场日益卷入全球化的浪潮且在很大程度上为后者所塑造,对中国艺术市场的全球化境遇及其影响的社会学研究亟待推进。
Sociological Narratives of the Globalization of the Art Market : Performance, Mechanisms and Consequences
- Available Online:
2022-08-20
Abstract: Globalization constitutes the most fundamental situation of the contemporary art market. As an emerging topic in the sociology of art, research on the globalization of the art market has focused on three dimensions: performance, mechanisms and consequences. In terms of performance, the globalization of the art market is manifested in several dimensions, including geographical expansion, increased transnational organizations, alteration in sales channels, iteration of buyers and changes in prices. In terms of mechanisms, in the globalization of the art market, traditional market players such as galleries, collectors, curators and auction houses, and new market players such as data providers, consultancies and financial institutions play different roles and represent different mechanisms of practice. The former function as cultural mediators and value constructors, while the latter standardize art values, thus allowing art from different countries and regions to be interconnected. In terms of consequences, the sociologists’ research encompasses both power and institutional perspectives, the former focusing on whether the old ‘centre-periphery’ power relations between countries have become equalized in the process of globalization, and the latter on whether globalization has led to the formation of a unified institutional and organizational model of the global art market. The examination of the globalization of the art market contributes both to an understanding of the logic of change in art and the art world at the present time, and to a deepening sociological reflection on the mechanisms and limits of cultural globalization. As the Chinese art market becomes increasingly involved in the waves of globalization and is largely shaped by the latter, there is an urgent need to advance the sociological study of the globalization of the Chinese art market and its impact.