道德立法的法哲学省思
作者简介:孙海波,中国政法大学比较法学研究院副教授(北京 100088)
摘要: 在社会转型背景下出现了严重的道德失范现象,尤其是伴随着一系列热点伦理事件或焦点案件的爆发,常常掀起一场场轰轰烈烈的“道德保卫战”。其中一种通过立法重振道德的呼声格外引人注意,然而问题的关键在于立法是否会让人们变得道德。面对道德多样化的生活实践,立法要遵守不应强人所难的基本原则,如果通过强制手段迫使人们做事实上做不到的事情,这非但不能让人们变得更道德,反而会走向道德专制或暴政。在尊重价值多元的前提下,道德立法可采用鼓励和强制并重的方式,从不同角度引导人们弃恶扬善。道德在本质上是一种反思性的善,决定道德立法应有必要的限度。个体唯有自觉地将外在行为与道德要求保持一致,同时更重要的是将道德要求内化于心,方能真正成为有德之人。
Reflections on Moral Legislation from the Perspective of Legal Philosophy
- Available Online:
2021-05-20
Abstract: In recent years, there has been a serious phenomenon of moral anomie in the context of social transformation, especially with the outbreak of a series of hot ethical events or cases, a vigorous “moral defense war” has begun. One of the calls for revitalizing morality through legislation is particularly noteworthy, but the key issue is whether the legislation really makes people more moral. In the face of morally diverse life practices, legislation should abide by the basic principle that people should not be forced to do what they can not do in fact by means of coercion, which will not make people more moral, but will lead to moral autocracy or tyranny. On the premise of respect for diversified values, moral legislation can adopt equal emphasis on encouragement and enforcement to guide people to abandon evil and promote good from different angles. Morality is a kind of reflective good in nature, which determines the necessary limits of moral legislation. Only by consciously keeping the external behavior consistent with the moral requirements, and more importantly, internalizing the moral requirements in the mind, can one be a truly moral man.