释汉赵刘曜光初四年玉石谶—兼论刘、石之争
Interpreting the Jade Prophecies of the Fourth Year of Guangchu period in Han Zhao
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摘要: 汉赵刘曜光初四年在终南山崩处发现一块刻有谶言的白玉,中书监刘均对玉石谶所作的灾异型解读客观上成为此后刘曜、石勒二赵间交争的重要引线。同时,通过稽考刘均解谶的知识基础以还原出当时主流的祥瑞型解读,可以从中揭示汉赵政权在立国前史、符命继承、国号变更及战略方向上的自我申说及其理论建构的实态。光初四年玉石谶事件的出现与后续的历史发展脉络典型地反映了谶纬因素对于早期中古社会的深刻影响。Abstract: A piece of white jade inscribed with prophecies was found at the collapse of the Zhongnan Mountain in the fourth year of the Guangchu (the reign title) period by Han zhao regime of Liu Yao, and Liu Jun, the top official of Zhongshusheng, interpreted the jade prophecies as an inauspicious sign, which objectively became an important trigger for the subsequent battles between Liu Yao and Shi Le. At the same time, by examining the knowledge base of Liu Jun’s prophecies interpretation to restore the mainstream auspicious interpretation at that time, we can reveal the self-representation and theoretical construction of the Han zhao in the pre-history of the founding of the state, the succession of destiny, the change of the state name and the regime’s strategic direction. The emergence of the jade prophecies in the fourth year of the Guangchu period and the subsequent historical development typically reflect the profound influence of prophetic factors on early Chinese medieval society.
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表 1 《淮南子·天文训》所载岁星、太阴、十二辰、十二次、二十八宿对应关系表⑬
岁名 太岁所在 岁星所在 十二辰 十二次 二十八宿 摄提格 寅 丑 星纪 斗牛 单阏 卯 子 玄嚣 女虚危 执徐 辰 亥 娵訾(豕韦) 室壁 大荒落 巳 戌 降娄 奎娄 敦牂 午 酉 大梁 胃昴毕 协洽 未 申 实沈 觜参 涒滩 申 未 鹑首(大棣) 井鬼 作咢 酉 午 鹑火 柳星张 阉茂 戌 巳 鹑尾 翼轸 大渊献 亥 辰 寿星 角亢 困敦 子 卯 大火 氐房心 赤奋若 丑 寅 析木 尾箕 表 2 岁星、太岁、十二辰、二十八宿、十二地理分野称谓对照表⑰
岁星次名 太岁岁名 十二辰 二十八宿 地理分野③ 星纪 赤奋若 丑 斗牛 吴越 玄嚣 困敦 子 女虚危 齐 娵訾 大渊献 亥 室壁 卫 降娄 阉茂 戌 奎娄 鲁 大梁 作咢 酉 胃昴毕 赵 实沈 涒滩 申 觜参 晋魏 鹑首 协洽 未 井鬼 秦 鹑火 敦牂 午 柳星张 周 鹑尾 大荒落 巳 翼轸 楚 寿星 执徐 辰 角亢 韩 大火 单阏 卯 氐房心 宋 析木 摄提格 寅 尾箕 燕 -

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