制度与情感——从视频大数据看跨省迁移与乡愁表达
作者简介:李杰伟,上海海事大学经济管理学院副教授(上海 201306);魏东霞,广东金融学院国际教育学院教授(广东 广州 510521);陆铭,上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院、中国发展研究院特聘教授(上海 200030)。
基金项目:
本文为国家社会科学基金项目一般项目“户籍分割视角下中国流动人口就业稳定性研究”(20BJY050)的阶段性成果。
摘要: 在人口大规模流动的中国,区分乡愁是情感所致还是制度的结果对于制度转型有重要意义。若仅从乡土情结(乡愁)解释中国城市化水平偏低和人口回流的现象,将不利于加快推进农业转移人口市民化和农村土地改革。通过首次尝试剥离乡愁的制度成因,并利用抖音平台公开的短视频点赞大数据进行检验,研究发现:本市向外跨省移民越多,本市发布的视频被外省点赞的数量也越多,体现出了“乡愁”;如果流入地城市的户籍门槛和老家有承包地的比例更高,跨省迁出的移民会增加对其家乡的点赞,体现出了“乡愁”的制度成因;但是老乡的增加,会削弱户籍门槛增加点赞家乡的效应,却会放大因老家有承包地而产生的点赞家乡。进一步的分析显示,流入地城市户籍门槛和老家有承包地会降低移民的城市融入,而老乡更多会增强移民的居留意愿。因此,“乡愁”实际上是城乡二元制度的结果,提升移民的城市融入水平并加快农村土地改革有助于缓解乡愁且更好地推进城市化。
Institution and Emotion——Examining Cross-Provincial Migration and Homesickness Expression through Video Big Data
Abstract: In China,where vast migrations occur,discerning if homesickness arises from emotional roots or is institutional in nature is crucial.This article innovatively aims to identify the institutional underpinnings of homesickness,and tests this empirically with thumbs-up big data of short video on the Bytedance platform.The findings reveal that a heightened outflow of cross-provincial migrants from a given city correlates with increased cross-provincial thumbs-up for videos originating from that city,evidencing the presence of homesickness.Furthermore,a stricter residency threshold in the destination city,or a higher proportion of residents holding land in their hometown,drives up the thumbs-up for hometown videos among cross-provincial migrants,outlining the institutional aspect of homesickness.Contrarily,a greater influx of fellow migrants from their hometown diminishes the effect to thumbs-up their hometown videos based on the stringent registered residence threshold,yet magnifies the effect associated with having household land on thumbs-up their hometown.Further analyses indicate that a tightened registered residence threshold and possession of household land act as obstacles to urban integration,whereas a larger number of fellow migrants from hometown significantly enhances their inclination to reside longer in the city.These findings affirm that homesickness is fundamentally shaped by the dual urban-rural system.Enhancing migrants’ urban integration and advancing land reforms could effectively reduce feelings of homesickness,thus promoting urbanization in a more seamless way.