Abstract: Deeply influenced by Vico's historicist cultural philosophy tradition,Labriola,Mondolfo and Gramsci carried out their own original interpretations of historical materialism at different times.On the whole,it can be summarized as the interpretation direction of historicist cultural philosophy with “practical philosophy” as the core.Labriola called historical materialism “critical communism”,which is a new humanist historical materialism that gives dignity to Marxist philosophy as an autonomous system of thought; Mondolfo proposed the “critico-pratica” principle,interpreting historical materialism as a unique humanistic historicism,and making a key revision to Gentile's understanding of the relationship between Feuerbach and Marx; Gramsci elevated “practice” to the level of principle as a philosophical worldview,and further extended the interpretation of historical materialism to people's daily life world and the corresponding ideologies,and established a new ideological cultural criticism philosophy.Despite the limitations of their interpretations of historical materialism,the efforts made by these three authors to “return to Marx” and to seek an intrinsic integration of Marxism with the Italian tradition and reality are of positive significance.