从经学到经学史
作者简介:景海峰，深圳大学国学院院长、哲学系教授（深圳 518060）
摘要: 经学是儒学的主体，谈儒学离不开经学，但儒学与经学的关系颇为复杂，大致可分为“前经学时代”“经学时代”和“后经学时代”，而每一时段的情况又很不一样。在经学解体之后，现代学术中的儒学话语基本上与经学剥离开来，变成哲学思想等形式；而经学的历史资料则流布于史学、文献学等领域，或收缩为狭小的经学史研究。这种状况已持续了百年，所形成的“经学”观念也渐成定势，使其疆域狭窄，形象枯寂，成一死学问。实际上，广义的经学既包括了围绕经典所展开的各种整理和训释工作，也涉及对这些文本所蕴含的思想义理的诠解与发挥；既有以文字、音韵、训诂等小学功夫为中坚的学问形式，也有问道求理的形而上致思趋向。作为训诂与义理并存的大系统，新的经学建构首先要冲破“以小学为经学”的狭窄观念和“即经学史以为经学”的无奈之举，将经学放到中国文化历史的宏阔视野中来理解，由经典诠释入手阐明其意义，使之从纯粹材料化的身份中解放出来。
Classics: From Studies to History
- Available Online:
2019-11-01
Abstract: The classics studies is the major body of Confucianism, and Confucianism is closely-related to classics studies. But the relationship is rather complicated, it can be divided into periods of “pre-classics time”, “classics time” and “post-classics time”, with various situation in each time. After the disintegration of the classics system, the Confucian discourse is basically off from classics studies in modern academics, and has become the forms, such as philosophical ideas, etc., while the historical data have scattered in the fields of historical studies and document studies, or been put into a narrow faculty of the historical studies of classics. Such a manner has been prolonged for a hundred years, and gradually became a “dead” learning. In fact, a broad meaning of the classic study includes hermeneutics and interpretation expounding of the meaning and truth, with the form of xiaoxue (“小学”), i.e., the study of script, pronunciation and explanation, and asking the metaphysical reason and logos as well. As a large system to include the two sides, a new classics studies is to be put into a wider perspective of the Chinese cultural history, and to be liberated from the sheer data by elucidating meaning and significance started from the hermeneutics of classical works.
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