叙事政治学视野下的传统再造与合法性建构
作者简介:沈桂龙,上海社会科学院世界中国学研究所研究员(上海 200020);陈兰馨,上海社会科学院中国马克思主义研究所助理研究员(上海 200020)。
摘要: 叙事政治学关注政治权力和秩序变化过程中的意义生产,其中合法性建构是最具代表性的议题之一。在叙事政治学视野下,合法性叙事至少需要在经验可信性、价值正当性、身份归属性和时间连续性四个方面完成意义建构;四者既相互支撑,又存在内在冲突和张力。权力主体的合法性建构几乎都绕不开传统,因为传统不仅能够赋予权力以正统性,为政治认同提供情感基础,还能为合法性提供具象的象征支撑。根据传统在叙事中的不同运用,可将叙事分为援引型、择选型和革新型三种类型。三种叙事的实践表明,传统再造是权力主体预防或应对合法性危机的重要叙事机制。传统和合法性建构的互动揭示了秩序变化背后的权力竞争、重组和更替。
Tradition Reconstruction and Legitimacy Construction from the Perspective of Narrative Politics
Abstract: Narrative politics focuses on the production of meaning in processes of political power and order change,with legitimacy construction constituting one of their most representative concerns.From the perspective of narrative politics,a legitimacy narrative must accomplish meaning construction in at least four dimensions:empirical credibility,normative justifiability,identity-based belonging,and temporal continuity.These four dimensions are mutually reinforcing,yet they also contain inherent conflicts and tensions.The construction of legitimacy by power holders almost inevitably involves tradition,because tradition enables power to acquire orthodoxy within narrative,provides identity with an affective foundation,and lends legitimacy tangible symbolic support.Based on the practical experience of tradition in legitimacy narratives,tradition reconstruction can be divided into three ideal types:citational,selective,and innovative.The practices of these three types suggest that tradition reconstruction is an important narrative strategy for power actors to prevent or address legitimacy crises.The interaction between tradition and legitimacy construction reveals the most significant process of meaning production in the political world,as well as the power competition and succession behind order change.