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Volume 56 Issue 11
November 2024
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Citation: HAN Sheng. The Bureaucratic Class and Imperial Examination System during the Reign of Empress Wu Zetian[J]. Academic Monthly, 2024, 56(11): 187-202. shu

The Bureaucratic Class and Imperial Examination System during the Reign of Empress Wu Zetian

  • Abstract

    The bureaucratic class during the reign of Empress Wu Zetian could be divided into two groups: one is the group of court officials,the other is the group of minions,which further generates the group of merciless officials.The minions who were promoted abnormally gained power and dominated the court officials,while they did not challenge the essence of the bureaucratic class being controlled by aristocrats.In terms of the imperial examination system,there has been virtually no progress during the reign of Empress Wu Zetian.Conversely,the redundant officials caused significant damage to the system,directly blocked the normal promotion of officials from lower gentry class.

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  • Access

    Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Chart context menuAccess class distributionFULLTEXT: 18.3 %FULLTEXT: 18.3 %META: 81.7 %META: 81.7 %FULLTEXTMETAHighcharts.com
    Created with Highcharts 5.0.7Chart context menuAccess area distribution其他: 19.1 %其他: 19.1 %其他: 0.8 %其他: 0.8 %Boydton: 1.0 %Boydton: 1.0 %Falls Church: 1.0 %Falls Church: 1.0 %Rochester: 0.3 %Rochester: 0.3 %Seattle: 0.2 %Seattle: 0.2 %三明: 0.3 %三明: 0.3 %上海: 0.8 %上海: 0.8 %东莞: 0.5 %东莞: 0.5 %东营: 0.3 %东营: 0.3 %临沧: 0.3 %临沧: 0.3 %丽水: 0.2 %丽水: 0.2 %乐山: 0.2 %乐山: 0.2 %伊利诺伊州: 0.2 %伊利诺伊州: 0.2 %六安: 0.3 %六安: 0.3 %加州: 0.2 %加州: 0.2 %北京: 4.4 %北京: 4.4 %华盛顿州: 0.3 %华盛顿州: 0.3 %南京: 1.5 %南京: 1.5 %南宁: 0.3 %南宁: 0.3 %南通: 0.3 %南通: 0.3 %南阳: 0.3 %南阳: 0.3 %厦门: 0.5 %厦门: 0.5 %合肥: 0.2 %合肥: 0.2 %呼和浩特: 0.5 %呼和浩特: 0.5 %哥伦布: 0.3 %哥伦布: 0.3 %唐山: 0.2 %唐山: 0.2 %商丘: 0.3 %商丘: 0.3 %嘉兴: 0.7 %嘉兴: 0.7 %圣安东尼奥: 0.2 %圣安东尼奥: 0.2 %塔克維拉: 0.2 %塔克維拉: 0.2 %大连: 0.2 %大连: 0.2 %天津: 0.2 %天津: 0.2 %太原: 0.3 %太原: 0.3 %宁德: 0.3 %宁德: 0.3 %安那罕: 0.2 %安那罕: 0.2 %宣城: 3.1 %宣城: 3.1 %常州: 0.7 %常州: 0.7 %平顶山: 0.3 %平顶山: 0.3 %广州: 1.6 %广州: 1.6 %库比蒂诺: 0.2 %库比蒂诺: 0.2 %廊坊: 0.3 %廊坊: 0.3 %弗吉尼亚州: 0.3 %弗吉尼亚州: 0.3 %徐州: 0.2 %徐州: 0.2 %成都: 0.5 %成都: 0.5 %扬州: 1.8 %扬州: 1.8 %文昌: 0.3 %文昌: 0.3 %无锡: 0.5 %无锡: 0.5 %昆明: 1.3 %昆明: 1.3 %晋城: 0.3 %晋城: 0.3 %朝阳: 0.2 %朝阳: 0.2 %杭州: 1.5 %杭州: 1.5 %格拉沃利讷: 3.9 %格拉沃利讷: 3.9 %武汉: 2.8 %武汉: 2.8 %汉中: 0.2 %汉中: 0.2 %江门: 0.7 %江门: 0.7 %池州: 0.2 %池州: 0.2 %沧州: 2.0 %沧州: 2.0 %法兰克福: 0.2 %法兰克福: 0.2 %泰州: 0.3 %泰州: 0.3 %济南: 0.3 %济南: 0.3 %淄博: 0.2 %淄博: 0.2 %淮北: 0.2 %淮北: 0.2 %淮南: 0.2 %淮南: 0.2 %淮安: 0.3 %淮安: 0.3 %深圳: 5.3 %深圳: 5.3 %温州: 0.8 %温州: 0.8 %湖州: 0.5 %湖州: 0.5 %漯河: 5.4 %漯河: 5.4 %漳州: 0.3 %漳州: 0.3 %潍坊: 0.3 %潍坊: 0.3 %烟台: 0.2 %烟台: 0.2 %焦作: 0.2 %焦作: 0.2 %盐城: 0.3 %盐城: 0.3 %石家庄: 1.5 %石家庄: 1.5 %神户: 0.3 %神户: 0.3 %纽约: 0.7 %纽约: 0.7 %舟山: 0.2 %舟山: 0.2 %芒廷维尤: 9.7 %芒廷维尤: 9.7 %芝加哥: 1.2 %芝加哥: 1.2 %莫斯科: 0.2 %莫斯科: 0.2 %萨克森自由州: 0.3 %萨克森自由州: 0.3 %葫芦岛: 0.2 %葫芦岛: 0.2 %衡阳: 0.7 %衡阳: 0.7 %衢州: 0.2 %衢州: 0.2 %西宁: 2.1 %西宁: 2.1 %西安: 0.7 %西安: 0.7 %运城: 0.2 %运城: 0.2 %遵义: 0.5 %遵义: 0.5 %邯郸: 0.5 %邯郸: 0.5 %郑州: 0.7 %郑州: 0.7 %重庆: 0.7 %重庆: 0.7 %金华: 0.2 %金华: 0.2 %长沙: 1.0 %长沙: 1.0 %阿什本: 1.2 %阿什本: 1.2 %随州: 0.2 %随州: 0.2 %雅加达: 0.2 %雅加达: 0.2 %青岛: 0.3 %青岛: 0.3 %鞍山: 0.3 %鞍山: 0.3 %马鞍山: 0.2 %马鞍山: 0.2 %鹰潭: 0.2 %鹰潭: 0.2 %黄山: 1.3 %黄山: 1.3 %其他其他BoydtonFalls ChurchRochesterSeattle三明上海东莞东营临沧丽水乐山伊利诺伊州六安加州北京华盛顿州南京南宁南通南阳厦门合肥呼和浩特哥伦布唐山商丘嘉兴圣安东尼奥塔克維拉大连天津太原宁德安那罕宣城常州平顶山广州库比蒂诺廊坊弗吉尼亚州徐州成都扬州文昌无锡昆明晋城朝阳杭州格拉沃利讷武汉汉中江门池州沧州法兰克福泰州济南淄博淮北淮南淮安深圳温州湖州漯河漳州潍坊烟台焦作盐城石家庄神户纽约舟山芒廷维尤芝加哥莫斯科萨克森自由州葫芦岛衡阳衢州西宁西安运城遵义邯郸郑州重庆金华长沙阿什本随州雅加达青岛鞍山马鞍山鹰潭黄山Highcharts.com
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        The Bureaucratic Class and Imperial Examination System during the Reign of Empress Wu Zetian

        Abstract: The bureaucratic class during the reign of Empress Wu Zetian could be divided into two groups: one is the group of court officials,the other is the group of minions,which further generates the group of merciless officials.The minions who were promoted abnormally gained power and dominated the court officials,while they did not challenge the essence of the bureaucratic class being controlled by aristocrats.In terms of the imperial examination system,there has been virtually no progress during the reign of Empress Wu Zetian.Conversely,the redundant officials caused significant damage to the system,directly blocked the normal promotion of officials from lower gentry class.

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