集体心灵的物理还原性问题
On Physical Reducibility of Group Mind
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摘要: 集体心灵现象泛指集体承担的各种意向性活动。作为一种心灵现象,集体心灵自然也面对是否物理可还原的问题。这一问题可以由以下论证得到回答。首先,不同于个体心灵,集体心灵只需被赋予特定的、有限的认知能力;其次,这些能力可以由成员的认知能力和集体活动的环境背景、组织方式得到说明;最后,物理主义能够说明这些要素和其组织的物理性。这一还原思路提示一个重要的诊断:传统的集体心灵还原论要求通过本体论个人主义对集体心灵进行还原,既忽视了集体性的物质特征,也在某种程度上神化了个人心灵的能力。物理主义所蕴含的恰当的物质主义洞见应可以取代传统的个人—集体的简单二分。
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关键词:
- 集体心灵|认知系统|物理主义|物质主义
Abstract: The group mind phenomenon refers to a variety of intentional activities undertaken by the collective.As a mental phenomenon,the group mind naturally faces the question of whether it is physically reducible.This question can be addressed by the following arguments.First,unlike the individual mind,the collective mind need only be endowed with specific,limited cognitive capacities;Second,these capacities can be accounted for by the relevant cognitive capacities of the members,the environmental context,and organization of the collective’s activities;Finally,physicalism is able to account for the physical nature of these elements and their organization.This reductive line of thought suggests an important diagnosis: the traditional reductionism of the collective mind,which calls for a reduction of the collective mind through ontological individualism,both ignores the material character of collectivity and somehow mythologizes the capacities of the individual mind.The proper materialist insight implicit in physicalism should replace the traditional individual-collective dichotomy. -

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