呈现“人”的主体性:作为一种价值判断的“附近”
作者简介:黄思奕,清华大学社会学系博士研究生(北京 100084);严飞,清华大学社会学系副教授(北京 100084)。
基金项目:
本文系清华大学自主科研计划文科专项“历史社会学的方法自觉与文化自觉”(2024THZWJC18)的阶段性成果
摘要: 如何呈现研究对象的主体性是社会学方法论中的重要议题,但在具体的研究实践中,研究对象的主体性却常常被忽略和捏造。通过回顾西方和中国语境中以普通人为对象的经典研究,可梳理再思考在研究中呈现其主体性的方法。首先,研究者应当反思自身与研究对象之间的权力关系,正视研究对象被遮蔽的主体性。其次,研究者应当为研究对象创造自主表达的空间,呈现日常深处普通人的行动逻辑,力图在分析中将“琐碎”的日常生活再现为一种“结构”。最后,研究者通过“成为他们”以及“本就是他们”的方法,在日常生活的空间与历史两个维度拓展“附近”的概念。“附近”不仅仅是一个研究场域,更重要的是在社会学人本主义意涵上的一种价值判断。研究者通过“附近”的个案映照出社会整体的图景,并与作为主体的研究对象共同抵达社会学的关怀。
Exploring Subjectivity: The Concept of “Nearby” as a Value Judgement
Abstract: The representation of research subjects' subjectivity is a critical concern within sociological methodology.Unfortunately, this aspect is frequently overlooked, obscured, or even distorted.This article delves into classical studies conducted on ordinary individuals within both Western and Chinese contexts, delineating strategies for effectively conveying their subjectivity.Firstly, researchers should conscientiously examine the power dynamics inherent in their relationships with research subjects, recognizing and addressing any obscured aspects of subjectivity.Secondly, researchers should create spaces for autonomous expression for research subjects, presenting the underlying logic of everyday actions of ordinary people.Finally, researchers expand the concept of "nearby" in both the spatial and historical dimensions through methods of "becoming them" and "already being them" in everyday life.This article underscores that "nearby" is not just a research field, but more importantly, a value judgment within the humanistic context of sociology.By reflecting on "nearby" cases, researchers collectively engage with the sociological implications of treating research subjects as subjects, thereby contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of society.