Citation:
Yanhong LIU. To Promote the Development of the Discourse System of Criminal Law by Scientific Legislation[J]. Academic Monthly, 2019, 51(4): 94-105.
To Promote the Development of the Discourse System of Criminal Law by Scientific Legislation
How to form a discourse system of criminal law with Chinese characteristics is an important problem. As the guarantee of all branch laws, criminal law should be guided by scientific legislation to promote the development of the discourse system of criminal law. In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China’s criminal legislation has experienced a changing from extensive to symbolic forms, there is a gap between them and the new era’s requirements for scientific legislation. Therefore, scientific legislation should be used to promote high-quality criminal legislation. Through legislating, reforming, abolishing and interpreting, criminal law should be gradually developed into clearly defined, effective and fair law, and finally become a real good law to achieve good governance, so as to promote the further development of socialistic legal system. The concept of leniency and severity, equality between crime and punishment, proviso in the concept of crime, etc., are all formed by the establishment of Chinese criminal legislation and the refinement of the theory of criminal law, and are actually the discourse between the criminal law with Chinese cultural elements of the rule of law. The future of China’s criminal jurisprudence shall be achieved by the innovation and development of the discourse system of criminal law with Chinese characteristics through criminal legislation and the joint efforts of jurists, to enhance the international confidence of China’s criminal jurisprudence, and spread the powerful voice of Chinese criminal rule of law in international community.
良善的刑法必须是公平正义的法。古罗马塞尔苏士云,法律是善良公平之术。㉙所谓善良,指的是道德良好;所谓公平,指的是正义。公平正义的法因此就是良法。刑法作为所有部门法的保障法,其公平正义的内在价值蕴涵与要求就显得更为重要。何为公平正义,虽然千百年来聚讼纷纭,但基本认识仍然没有逃出古典法治思想的框架。所谓公平,其真实含义在于平等,所谓正义,其真实含义在于是否公正合理。同时,作为刑法规范,还必须具备人权和自由的保障机能,亚里士多德还认为:“法律不应该被看作‘和自由相对的’奴役,法律毋宁是‘拯救’”㉚自由。由此一来,刑法规范的设立应该是被动的,如果一味回应民众需求过于主动出击而令规范滋彰,不符合刑法的谦抑性,故而不是良善的法。比如,任何人都不因思想而受处罚(Cogitationis poenam nemo patitur);思想通过税关,但是,不通过地狱(Gedanken sind zollfrei,aber nicht höllenfrei),“有罪的思想和欲望只可以由上帝加以惩罚,只有上帝才能看透一个人的思想、内心和灵魂,而人间法官只能知道外部表现出来的行为”㉛,如果刑法处罚思想犯,则不是良善的法。再如,任何人犯罪,在法律面前一律平等,如果针对国有企业、民营企业、私营企业给予不同的刑法保护,则违背了刑法公平正义之理念,不是良善的法,等等。由于公平正义话题的宏大,在此无论是详尽描述或是一一列举都将是不可能的,但以上例子至少从不同侧面展示了何为公平正义。总之,如果刑事立法能够做到如习近平总书记指出:“要坚持以人民为中心,坚持从实际出发,坚持尽力而为、量力而行,以规范的程序、科学的决策维护重大公共利益、维护人民合法权益,促进社会公平正义,不断增强人民群众获得感、幸福感、安全感”㉜,那么,这样的刑法规范就是良善的。明确的法、富有实效的法与公平正义的法,以上三个标准如果达成,则这样的刑法必然是良善的,以之作为治国之重器,则乃良法善治。
Abstract: How to form a discourse system of criminal law with Chinese characteristics is an important problem. As the guarantee of all branch laws, criminal law should be guided by scientific legislation to promote the development of the discourse system of criminal law. In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China’s criminal legislation has experienced a changing from extensive to symbolic forms, there is a gap between them and the new era’s requirements for scientific legislation. Therefore, scientific legislation should be used to promote high-quality criminal legislation. Through legislating, reforming, abolishing and interpreting, criminal law should be gradually developed into clearly defined, effective and fair law, and finally become a real good law to achieve good governance, so as to promote the further development of socialistic legal system. The concept of leniency and severity, equality between crime and punishment, proviso in the concept of crime, etc., are all formed by the establishment of Chinese criminal legislation and the refinement of the theory of criminal law, and are actually the discourse between the criminal law with Chinese cultural elements of the rule of law. The future of China’s criminal jurisprudence shall be achieved by the innovation and development of the discourse system of criminal law with Chinese characteristics through criminal legislation and the joint efforts of jurists, to enhance the international confidence of China’s criminal jurisprudence, and spread the powerful voice of Chinese criminal rule of law in international community.
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Yanhong LIU. To Promote the Development of the Discourse System of Criminal Law by Scientific Legislation[J]. Academic Monthly, 2019, 51(4): 94-105.