Abstract: As the key words of Chinese philosophy in the 20th century, the admirers of science, conscience, and nature not only argued, but also learned from each other and shaped each other, which made the meaning of the three constantly enriched and formed three new concepts. In this process, Chinese philosophical scholars look at science through conscience and nature, and make science continue to be conscience and natural; conscience gradually reconciles with science in disputes with science, and jointly suppresses nature; nature is under the suppression of science and conscience, it constantly reconciles with the two, and then is understood as the reason for the humanity. The controversy among conscience, nature and science is a concrete manifestation of the dispute between ancient and modern, Chinese and Western, and the tension among the three has continuously expanded and enriched the connotation of Chinese philosophy. The result of the three disputes made the believable be lovely and the beloved believable. To a certain extent, it resolved the tension between the believable and the beloved that had plagued Chinese scholars for a century, and pushed Chinese philosophy in the 20th century. To a new realm has also contributed Chinese wisdom to resolve the opposition between scientism and humanism. Summarizing the controversy among conscience, nature and science will not only help profoundly understand and grasp the rich connotations of Chinese philosophy in the 20th century, but will also benefit the new development of Chinese philosophy in the 21st century.