Abstract: Since the 1970s, extensive and in-depth researches on Marxist anthropology have been made on the basis of Marx’s Anthropological Notes in his later years. However, it still presents in an academically chaotic way. Based on the comprehensive review of important research works from home and abroad, this paper summarizes and analyzes the different types of anthropology, e.g. philosophical anthropology (anthropological philosophy), historical anthropology (historical materialism) and empirical anthropology (social anthropology), and finds that Marxist anthropology is a grand proposition spanning many disciplines, which was originated from western learning itself. However, the field of Marxist anthropology is still in a complicated state full of unpredictability and confusion, due to the continuous widening of interdisciplinary boundaries, which was mostly resulted from the overlapping barriers between various disciplines and the rapid development along their own inertia force. Therefore, only by combing the above traditional research methods of Marxist anthropology can we truly and effectively introduce it into the cross and compound academic realm of scientification of political science, and develop a new Marxist Anthropology with Chinese discourse and characteristics under the paradigm of neo-political anthropology.