Abstract: National development plan is an important mode of governance of the Communist Party of China, serving as the intermediary for translating new development philosophy into practice and as a means to achieve better combination of effective markets and competent government. From the perspective of socialist political economy, national development plan is an essential step in putting the laws of state economic behavior into practice. The objective-based governance system of national development plan comprises the objective-setting mechanism, the objective-transmission mechanism, and the policy coordination mechanism that supports the former two. This paper examines the role of the objective-based governance system in national development planning since the Ninth Five-Year Plan period in implementing the green development philosophy, and examines the process of integrating national and other levels of government development plans with the corporate development strategies through a case analysis of BYD, thus disclosing how private capital is transformed into patient green capital by combing its own pattern of objective and behavior with the laws of state economic behavior.