Abstract: The enlightenment philosophy originates from the end of metaphysics led by the death of God. The lack of transcendental certainty guarantee of cognition is finally filled by the human rationality promoted by the Enlightenment. Rationality promoted by spirit of the Enlightenment is a force of constant criticism and construction. It contains dynamic practical demands, which constitute the first attribute of the Enlightenment. However, the criticism of transcendentality by the Enlightenment also brings the construction of transcendental speculative theology. The dynamic rationality has moved towards a self-paradox of the Enlightenment in German classical philosophy in the post Kantian era. Therefore, to reconstruct the Enlightenment spirit, we may return to Kant and protect the non-transcendentality of the Enlightenment rationality under a kind of boundary thinking. At the same time, we avoid the paradox and lose the inherent dynamics of rationality; Or we can go back to Foucault, in which the Enlightenment rationality retains the dynamics of rationality in the process of experimentally crossing-the-boundary and avoids its own road towards the reconstruction of transcendental theology. With help of its inherent “critical” path, Marx’s philosophy practices the experimental cross-border rational practice and avoids the road of rational criticism to transcendental speculative theology in the realistic investigation of the possible conditions of his human liberation conception. In this sense, Marx’s philosophy inherited the Enlightenment thought.