完整的唯物史观和社会主义经济体制选择与改革
Complete Historical Materialism and the Choice and Reform of Socialist Economic System
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摘要: 纵观马克思主义唯物史观产生发展的历史尤其是其晚年的思想，体现了马克思在基本方法论上从本质主义向历史主义的转向，后者补充和完善了前者，从而使得唯物史观变得更加完整和完善，更符合人类社会制度演变的实际。结合本质主义方法论与历史主义方法论，把唯物史观完整地表述为四个维度的“一般性与特殊性”，并可视为人类社会经济体制选择的一般理论或者衡量制度选择是否合适的一般标准。运用此一般原理，可以逻辑自洽和符合历史地对一些问题进行解释，包括：（1）把《资本论》视为马克思运用其唯物史观分析资本主义私有制的选择从合适到不合适的典型特例；（2）不同国家和民族在不同阶段制度选择或变革的成功与否；（3）“同时胜利论”“首先胜利论”的理论与实践、社会主义国家（包括中国）经济体制的初始选择和改革。
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关键词:
- 完整的唯物史观 /
- 制度选择一般理论 /
- 社会主义经济体制选择
Abstract: Throughout the history of the emergence and development of Marxist historical materialism, especially the thought in Marx’s later years, it reflects the shift of Marx’s basic methodology from essentialism to historicism. The historicism complements and improves the essentialism, making the historical materialism better and more complete, and more consistent with the reality of the human social system’s evolution. Combined with the essentialism methodology and historicism methodology, historical materialism is completely expressed as “generality and particularity” in four dimensions, and regarded as the general theory of human social economic system choice or the general standard to measure whether the system choice is appropriate. Using this general principle: Das Kapital is regarded as a typical case of Marx using his historical materialism to analyze the choice of capitalist private ownership from appropriate to inappropriate; Explain relatively better the success of different countries and nations in different stages of institutional selection or reform; In particular, it explain better the theory and practice of “simultaneous victory”, “socialism will win initially in one country” and “revisionism”, and the initial choice and reform of the economic system of socialist countries (including China). -
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