赫尔德论触觉:幽暗的美学
作者简介:高砚平,本名高艳萍,中国社会科学院文学研究所理论室副研究员(北京 100732)
- 作者高砚平(本名高艳萍),中国社会科学院文学研究所理论室副研究员(北京100732)
摘要: 触觉理论是赫尔德美学的重要的、核心的组成部分。赫尔德借势于18世纪欧洲知识界的触觉研究和鲍姆嘉通的美学学科之创立,探析触觉的性质并将其明确纳入美学范围。赫尔德将触觉归属于作为“心灵底基”的“幽暗”领域,通过将触觉与视觉相比较,赋予触觉高于视觉的首要性和优越性。他提出,触觉之模糊、缓慢及与对象“相渗”等性质,有助于呈现世界并引领心灵进入“幽暗”之域,由此肯定触觉在认知、审美和形而上学方面的潜能。赫尔德触觉美学之赞扬情感与幽暗的价值等,实质上指向了对启蒙理性的批评,并预构了德国浪漫派的精神倾向。触觉美学包含的情感与身体维度,对当代美学的发展亦极富启发性。
Herder on Touching: Aesthetics of “Dunkelheit” (Darkness)
- Available Online:
2018-10-01
Abstract: This article explores Herder’s theory on touching, which is an indispensable, characteristic part of his whole aesthetics. This article argues that his theory on touching on one hand is embedded in his whole philosophical thinking that appreciates embodiment and feeling, on the other hand, it is based on his ambition of reconstructing aesthetics which was coined and established by Baumgarten. Herder seriously reconsidered touching’s significance and position in the field of aesthetics and claimed that touching should be a part of the aesthetics project. Herder embraced " dunkelheit” (darkness) as the ground of the soul and the ontological status of soul itself, and he argued that the sense of touching is a kind of dunkel (ambiguous) sense and leads the toucher to the the kingdom of darkness, the ground of the soul. Through a comparison between touching and seeing, Herder praised the value of touching for it presents the essence of reality and help the toucher arrive at the level of darkness through the slowness, ambiguity in perception and " in einander” with the touched object. Therefore Herder redeemed the epistemological, aesthetic and metaphysical value of touching. In some sense, Herder’s emphasis on feeling and darkness,etc. also exposed his criticism towards the Enlightenment, and prefigured the spirit of German Romanticism.