叙事理论的中国经验及其思考
作者简介:江守义,南京师范大学文学院教授(江苏南京210097)。
基金项目:
本文为2024年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“叙事学的中国经验研究”(24YJA751010)的阶段性成果
摘要: 目前中国的叙事学研究,已经进入和西方叙事学对话的阶段,在叙事批评和叙事理论两方面形成“中国经验”。叙事理论的中国经验体现在理论研究的“中国问题”和“中国创造”之中。“中国问题”是西方叙事学所忽视的问题,是从中国叙事艺术本身出发所发现的问题,主要包括中国叙事源头、陶瓷叙事、叙事评点和数理批评。“中国创造”是中国学者在叙事理论方面的“创造”,相关观点是西方人所没有的,主要表现在双重叙事进程、广义叙述学和听觉叙事三个方面。叙事理论研究的“中国经验”,提醒叙事学研究者要有“以我为主”的情怀,在文本细读中寻找中国叙事艺术的独特之处,在和西方叙事学的比照中建设“中国叙事学”,进而推进国际叙事学的发展。
The Chinese Experience of Narrative Theory and Its Deliberation
Abstract: At present,Chinese narratology research has entered a stage of dialogue with Western narratology,forming “Chinese experience” in both narrative criticism and narrative theory.Chinese experience of narrative theory is embodied in the “Chinese problem” and “Chinese creation” of theoretical research.Chinese problem is a problem ignored in Western narratology,which is found from the Chinese narrative art itself,including Chinese narrative source,ceramic narrative,narrative comment and mathematical criticism.Chinese creation is the creation in narrative theory by Chinese scholars,and the relevant views are not found in Westerners,which means that Chinese narratology research and Western narratology research are at the same level basically,and Chinese creation is mainly manifested in three aspects: dual narrative process,broad narratology and auditory narrative.The Chinese experience in the study of narrative theory reminds narratology researchers to have “self-centered” feelings,to find the unique features of Chinese narrative art in the close reading of text,and to build Chinese narratology in comparison with Western narratology,and then promote the development of international narratology.